A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

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CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006

The rise in output power from rare-earth-doped fiber sources over the past decade, via the use of cladding-pumped fiber architectures, has been dramatic, leading to a range of fiber-based devices with outstanding performance in terms of output power, beam quality, overall efficiency, and flexibility with regard to operating wavelength and radiation format. This success in the high-power arena is largely due to the fiber’s geometry, which provides considerable resilience to the effects of heat generation in the core, and facilitates efficient conversion from relatively low-brightness diode pump radiation to high-brightness laser output. In this paper we review the current state of the art in terms of continuous-wave and pulsed performance of ytterbium-doped fiber lasers, the current fiber gain medium of choice, and by far the most developed in terms of high-power performance. We then review the current status and challenges of extending the technology to other rare-earth dopants and associated wavelengths of operation. Throughout we identify the key factors currently limiting fiber laser performance in different operating regimes—in particular thermal management, optical nonlinearity, and damage. Finally, we speculate as to the likely developments in pump laser technology, fiber design and fabrication, architectural approaches, and functionality that lie ahead in the coming decade and the implications they have on fiber laser performance and industrial/scientific adoption.

High power fiber lasers: current status and future perspectives [Invited]

The history, fabrication, theory, numerical modeling, optical properties, guidance mechanisms, and applications of photonic-crystal fibers are reviewed

Photonic-Crystal Fibers

A review on the latest developments on graphene, written from the perspective of a chemist, is presented. The role of chemistry in bringing graphene research to the next level is discussed.

The chemistry of graphene

The recent results on the new laser material – Bi-doped glasses and optical fibers are reviewed. First, luminescence properties of various Bi-doped glasses are discussed. At last the results of investigations of Bi-doped fiber lasers covering a wavelength range of 1150 – 1550 nm are presented.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1002/lapl.200910025/pdf

Bi-doped fiber lasers

The authors present a method for the generation of high-quality soliton trains at a high repetition rate of gigahertz to terahertz range During nonlinear propagation of a continuous-wave (CW) dual-frequency signal through a fiber with effective amplification, a train of practically noninteracting fundamental solitons is formed It is shown that the effective amplification can be achieved as in usual fibers with an actual amplification as well as in fibers with nonuniform parameters along the fiber axis The method is demonstrated experimentally Dual-frequency 25 ps pulses at lambda =155 mu m are reshaped into 02 THz combs of 049 ps solitons in fiber with slowly decreasing dispersion It is also shown that stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can prevent a CW soliton train transmission through optical fibers, and suggests a method for suppression of SBS >

Generation of fundamental soliton trains for high-bit-rate optical fiber communication lines

By adiabatic amplification of a periodically modulated cw signal in an optical fiber, a train of approximately independent solitons can be generated at a high repetition rate (up to the terahertz range). These pulse trains can be produced with fibers having slowly varying dispersion as well.

Generation of a train of fundamental solitons at a high repetition rate in optical fibers

Germania-glass-based core silica glass cladding single-mode fibers (/spl Delta/n up to 0.143) with a minimum loss of 20 dB/km at 1.9 /spl mu/m were fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) method. The fibers exhibit strong photorefractivity with the type-IIa-induced refractive-index modulation of 2/spl times/10/sup -3/. The Raman gain of 300 to 59 dB/(km/spl middot/W) was determined at 1.07 to 1.6 /spl mu/m, respectively, in a 75 mol.% GeO/sub 2/ core fiber. Only 3 m of such fibers are enough for the creation of a 10-W Raman laser at 1.12 /spl mu/m with a 13-W pump at 1.07 /spl mu/m. Raman generation in optical fiber at a wavelength of 2.2 /spl mu/m was obtained for the first time.

Germania-based core optical fibers

The effect of Raman gain parametric suppression is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The analysis of the effect of Raman nonlinearity on the process of modulation instability in the region of negative group velocity dispersion of fibers is presented. New dependencies for the modulational instability frequency and increment are calculated. >

E. M. Dianov

Papers

Bi-doped fiber lasers

Generation of fundamental soliton trains for high-bit-rate optical fiber communication lines

Generation of a train of fundamental solitons at a high repetition rate in optical fibers

Germania-based core optical fibers

Mutual influence of the parametric effects and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers