A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

/pdf/codata-recommended-values-of-the-fundamental-physical-4bsdant71c.pdf

CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006

The rise in output power from rare-earth-doped fiber sources over the past decade, via the use of cladding-pumped fiber architectures, has been dramatic, leading to a range of fiber-based devices with outstanding performance in terms of output power, beam quality, overall efficiency, and flexibility with regard to operating wavelength and radiation format. This success in the high-power arena is largely due to the fiber’s geometry, which provides considerable resilience to the effects of heat generation in the core, and facilitates efficient conversion from relatively low-brightness diode pump radiation to high-brightness laser output. In this paper we review the current state of the art in terms of continuous-wave and pulsed performance of ytterbium-doped fiber lasers, the current fiber gain medium of choice, and by far the most developed in terms of high-power performance. We then review the current status and challenges of extending the technology to other rare-earth dopants and associated wavelengths of operation. Throughout we identify the key factors currently limiting fiber laser performance in different operating regimes—in particular thermal management, optical nonlinearity, and damage. Finally, we speculate as to the likely developments in pump laser technology, fiber design and fabrication, architectural approaches, and functionality that lie ahead in the coming decade and the implications they have on fiber laser performance and industrial/scientific adoption.

High power fiber lasers: current status and future perspectives [Invited]

The history, fabrication, theory, numerical modeling, optical properties, guidance mechanisms, and applications of photonic-crystal fibers are reviewed

Photonic-Crystal Fibers

A review on the latest developments on graphene, written from the perspective of a chemist, is presented. The role of chemistry in bringing graphene research to the next level is discussed.

The chemistry of graphene

Strong high-quality fiber Bragg gratings with photoinduced refractive-index modulation of more than 10-3 were written in a Corning SMF-28 fiber, a P2O5-doped-core fiber and a pure-silica-core fluorine-doped-cladding fiber by third-harmonic radiation (267 nm, 150 fs and 1.2-1.8×1011 W/cm2) of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser using a phase mask. We compare the 267-nm photosensitivity responses with the results of irradiation by 193-nm ArF and 157-nm F2 excimer lasers. The dependence of the refractive-index change on the exposure dose and the annealing characteristics of the fabricated gratings are typical for Type-I UV-written fiber gratings.

/pdf/fabrication-of-fiber-bragg-gratings-with-267-nm-femtosecond-3lhuih0y5s.pdf

Fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings with 267 nm femtosecond radiation.

Decay of optical solitons

This is the first report, to our knowledge, of refractive-index grating side writing in 10  mol.  % GeO2-doped fiber by the near-UV light of a cw Ar+ laser (333–364  nm). An induced-index magnitude as large as 1.9×10-4 at 1.7×105W/cm2 UV power density has been achieved. The observed gratings have exhibited the same temperature stability as gratings written by a KrF excimer laser (248  nm).

/pdf/refractive-index-gratings-written-by-near-ultraviolet-phat6f69yh.pdf

Refractive-index gratings written by near-ultraviolet radiation.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5760047/5760048/05760076.pdf

High-Power Photonic Bandgap Fibre Laser

An emission band with a maximum at 1430 nm and a FWHM of 100 nm was observed in a Bi-doped fiber under core-pumping in the 1340- 1370 nm wavelength range. Net gain in 1430-1490 nm and laser action in 1443-1459 nm wavelength range in the Bi-doped aluminosilicate fiber have been demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrey_Umnikov/publication/23317862_Optical_amplification_in_1430-1495_nm_range_and_laser_action_in_Bi-doped_fibers/links/0deec514fe14d5f6aa000000.pdf?disableCoverPage=true

E. M. Dianov

Papers

Fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings with 267 nm femtosecond radiation.

Decay of optical solitons

Refractive-index gratings written by near-ultraviolet radiation.

High-Power Photonic Bandgap Fibre Laser

Optical amplification in 1430–1495 nm range and laser action in Bi-doped fibers