https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/downloads/Isolation2007.pdf

2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings.

There have been some questionable assertions relating to population growth. The most serious of these is the notion that the size and growth rate of the U.S. population are only minor contributors to this countrys adverse impact on local and global environment. The discussion in this article centers around 5 theorems which demonstrate the following: 1) population growth causes a disproportionate negative impact on the environment 2) the control of population is necessary but not sufficient means of seeing us through the whole crisis of environmental deterioration 3) population density is a poor measure of population pressure 4) environment as a term must be broadly construed to include physical environment of urban ghettos as well as the human behavioral environment and 5) theoratical solutions to out problems are not operational and some times are not solutions. The paper concludes that population control the redirection of technology the transition from open to closed resouce cycles the equitable distribution of opportunity and the ingredients of prosperity must all be accomplished if there is to be a future worth living.

/pdf/impact-of-population-growth-438n29cxvp.pdf

Impact of Population Growth

Interaction of spherical particles with cells and within animals has been studied extensively, but the effects of shape have received little attention. Here we use highly stable, polymer micelle assemblies known as filomicelles to compare the transport and trafficking of flexible filaments with spheres of similar chemistry. In rodents, filomicelles persisted in the circulation up to one week after intravenous injection. This is about ten times longer than their spherical counterparts and is more persistent than any known synthetic nanoparticle. Under fluid flow conditions, spheres and short filomicelles are taken up by cells more readily than longer filaments because the latter are extended by the flow. Preliminary results further demonstrate that filomicelles can effectively deliver the anticancer drug paclitaxel and shrink human-derived tumours in mice. Although these findings show that long-circulating vehicles need not be nanospheres, they also lend insight into possible shape effects of natural filamentous viruses.

/pdf/shape-effects-of-filaments-versus-spherical-particles-in-58uuji6ljn.pdf

Shape effects of filaments versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery.

A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical Region).

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries, and it has the most extensive geographic distribution of the medically important tickborne viral diseases, closely approximating the known global distribution of Hyalomma spp ticks. Human beings become infected through tick bites, by crushing infected ticks, after contact with a patient with CCHF during the acute phase of infection, or by contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestock. Clinical features commonly show a dramatic progression characterised by haemorrhage, myalgia, and fever. The levels of liver enzymes, creatinine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase are raised, and bleeding markers are prolonged. Infection of the endothelium has a major pathogenic role. Besides direct infection of the endothelium, indirect damage by viral factors or virus-mediated host-derived soluble factors that cause endothelial activations and dysfunction are thought to occur. In diagnosis, enzyme-linked immunoassay and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR are used. Early diagnosis is critical for patient therapy and prevention of potential nosocomial infections. Supportive therapy is the most essential part of case management. Recent studies suggest that ribavirin is effective against CCHF, although definitive studies are not available. Health-care workers have a serious risk of infection, particularly during care of patients with haemorrhages from the nose, mouth, gums, vagina, and injection sites. Simple barrier precautions have been reported to be effective.

/pdf/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever-1mjnt47obh.pdf

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

VIRAL HÆMORRHAGIC FEVER IN SOUTHERN SUDAN AND NORTHERN ZAIRE: Preliminary Studies on the Aetiological Agent

Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai. An outbreak at the Rashid Hospital.

Fatal human disease from vervet monkeys

Six rhesus and two vervet monkeys were infected intraperitoneally with Ebola virus. They developed an acute haemorrhagic fever with skin rash 4 days later and died 6--12 days after infection. Histopathological lesions of acute necrosis were present in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs and testes. The presence of fibrin thrombi in several organs was suggestive of the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation during the infection.

The pathology of experimental Ebola virus infection in monkeys.

Experimental infection of rhesus and vervet monkeys with Ebola virus produced a uniformly fatal illness. The course of the disease resembled that found in man with weight loss, anorexia, fever, haemorrhages and skin rash being frequently seen. Viraemia was obvious within two days of infection and persisted until death which occurred between days five and eight. Virus was found in high concentrations in several organs but particularly in the liver, spleen, and lungs.

E.T.W. Bowen

Papers

VIRAL HÆMORRHAGIC FEVER IN SOUTHERN SUDAN AND NORTHERN ZAIRE: Preliminary Studies on the Aetiological Agent

Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai. An outbreak at the Rashid Hospital.

Fatal human disease from vervet monkeys

The pathology of experimental Ebola virus infection in monkeys.

Ebola haemorrhagic fever: experimental infection of monkeys