Showing papers by "Edythe D. London published in 1993"
TL;DR: Differences between arterial and venous concentrations of nicotine in human subjects have implications for understanding the high degree of addictiveness and cardiovascular toxicity of smoked forms of drugs.
358 citations
TL;DR: Effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on precipitated opioid withdrawal were studied in morphine-dependent rats given naloxone, indicating that NOS inhibitors warrant further study as potential treatment of the opioid withdrawal syndrome.
Abstract: Effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors (l-NG-nitroarginine,l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester) on precipitated opioid withdrawal were studied in morphine-dependent rats given naloxone, in order to assess the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in opioid dependence.l-NG-Nitroarginine (7.5 mg/kg, IP, 1 h before naloxone or b.i.d. on days 4–7 of an 8-day morphine treatment) reduced wet dog shakes and weight loss; when given by osmotic pumps (15 mg/kg per day), the drug reduced wet dog shakes but not weight loss.l-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (60 mg/kg, 1 h before naloxone) also reduced wet dog shakes and weight loss. The results indicate that NOS inhibitors warrant further study as potential treatment of the opioid withdrawal syndrome.
89 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that [3H]ifenprodil labels σ 2 sites in rat brain at 37°C, and that [ 3H] ifen Prodil would be useful for studying σ receptor subtypes.
84 citations
TL;DR: The functional significance of ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in terms of how it might affect sensitivity to cocaine, an indirect dopamine agonist, was assessed in this article.
Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the functional significance of ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in terms of how it might affect sensitivity to cocaine, an indirect dopamine agonist. Method Relationships between VBR and subjective responses to acute intravenous cocaine hydrochloride were examined in 20 male polydrug abusers. Tests were performed in conjunction with positron emission tomography scans to measure cerebral glucose metabolism. Results Subjective measures of effects of cocaine, including self-report ratings of intensity of the drug effect, scores on the morphine-benzedrine scale of the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and several items on visual analogue scales, correlated negatively with VBR. VBR also differed significantly among subjects who were grouped according to scores on items ("rush" and "crash") of the Cocaine-Sensitive Scale (larger VBR in subjects with weaker responses). VBR was not correlated with cocaine-induced changes in cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Conclusions Relative insensitivity to the subjective effects of cocaine in polydrug abusers with ventricle enlargement suggests that ventriculomegaly may reflect changes in periventricular brain regions that mediate these effects of cocaine.
20 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the functional significance of ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in terms of how it might affect sensitivity to cocaine, an indirect dopamine agonist, was assessed.
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the functional significance of ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in terms of how it might affect sensitivity to cocaine, an indirect dopamine agonist. Method; Relationships between VBR and subjective responses to acute intravenous cocaine hydrochloride were examined in 20 male polydrug abusers. Tests were performed in conjunction with positron emission tomography scans to measure cerebral glucose metabolism. Results: Subjective measures of effects of cocaine, including self-report ratings of intensity of the drug effect, scores on the morphine-benzedrine scale of the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and several items on visual analogue scales, correlated negatively with VBR
19 citations
Journal Article•
6 citations
TL;DR: Reductions in cerebral metabolic rates for glucose produced by the lowest dose of D-NANM probably reflect direct interactions of the drug with sigma receptors, whereas increases in rCMRglc observed with the highest doses more likely result from effects of D to NANM on PCP receptors.
4 citations
Journal Article•
2 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: It is likely that canine delirium, which was originally attributed to interactions with the σ ‘opioid’ receptor, were due to activity at the PCP receptor, as benzomorphan opioids which show high affinity for σ receptors also interact with receptors for phencyclidine (PCP).
Abstract: The existence of σ (sigma) receptors was hypothesized on the basis of work by Martin et al. (1976), who studied the physiological and behavioral responses to opioid drugs in the chronic spinal dog. Based on the responses to the prototypical ligands, morphine, ketocyclazocine, and N-allylnormetazocine (NANM, SKF 10047), this work led to the hypothesis of multiple opioid receptors (µ, κ and σ). Although this landmark work has greatly advanced the field of opiate research, it was later found that the responses to NANM were non-opioid, inasmuch as they were not reversed by naltrexone (Vaupel, 1983). Furthermore, benzomorphan opioids which show high affinity for σ receptors also interact with receptors for phencyclidine (PCP). Therefore, it is likely that canine delirium, which was originally attributed to interactions with the σ ‘opioid’ receptor, were due to activity at the PCP receptor.
1 citations