https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jth.14768

Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.

Contrasting treatment‐specific survival using double‐robust estimators

Throughout the world today, numerous researchers are exploring the potential use of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers for a wide range of drugs for therapeutic applications. Because of their versatility and wide range of properties, biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles are being used as novel drug delivery systems. In particular, this class of carrier holds tremendous promise in the areas of cancer therapy and controlled delivery of vaccines.

Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeting

https://www.farm.ucl.ac.be/Full-texts-FARM/des-Rieux-2006-1.pdf

Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: a mechanistic approach.

Objective—To estimate the annual cost of infections attributable to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus to US swine producers. Design—Economic analysis. Sample Population—Data on the health and productivity of PRRS-affected and PRRS-unaffected breeding herds and growing-pig populations were collected from a convenience sample of swine farms in the midwestern United States. Procedure—Health and productivity variables of PRRS-affected and PRRS-unaffected swine farms were analyzed to estimate the impact of PRRS on specific farms. National estimates of PRRS incidence were then used to determine the annual economic impact of PRRS on US swine producers. Results—PRRS affected breeding herds and growing-pig populations as measured by a decrease in reproductive health, an increase in deaths, and reductions in the rate and efficiency of growth. Total annual economic impact of these effects on US swine producers was estimated at $66.75 million in breeding herds and $493.57 million in growing-p...

Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States.

African swine fever (ASF) is widespread in Africa but is rarely introduced to other continents. In June 2007, ASF was confirmed in the Caucasus region of Georgia, and it has since spread to neighboring countries. DNA fragments amplified from the genome of the isolates from domestic pigs in Georgia in 2007 were sequenced and compared with other ASF virus (ASFV) isolates to establish the genotype of the virus. Sequences were obtained from 4 genome regions, including part of the gene B646L that encodes the p72 capsid protein, the complete E183L and CP204L genes, which encode the p54 and p30 proteins and the variable region of the B602L gene. Analysis of these sequences indicated that the Georgia 2007 isolate is closely related to isolates belonging to genotype II, which is circulating in Mozambique, Madagascar, and Zambia. One possibility for the spread of disease to Georgia is that pigs were fed ASFV-contaminated pork brought in on ships and, subsequently, the disease was disseminated throughout the region.

African Swine Fever Virus Isolate, Georgia, 2007

Epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an overview.

Two types of porcine circovirus (PCV) have been isolated and are referred to as PCV1 and PCV2. PCV1 represents an apathogenic virus, whereas PCV2 is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. The two PCVs are related, since they display about 70% identity based on nucleotide sequences. In order to discriminate between common and type-specific antigens, an immunocytological approach was used following transfections with cloned circovirus DNAs, as well as recombinant proteins expressed by either baculovirus or plasmid vectors. The ORF1-encoded proteins in the two viruses were shown to be antigenically related, whereas the ORF2 proteins were recognized differentially by polyclonal anti-PCV2 antibodies. Furthermore, PEPSCAN analysis performed on overlapping fragments of the genes encoding part of ORF1 and the entire ORF2 and ORF3 led to the identification of five dominant immunoreactive areas, one located on ORF1 and four on ORF2. However, only some ORF2 peptides proved to be immunorelevant epitopes for virus type discrimination. The potential use of ORF2-derived antigens as diagnostic tools is demonstrated.

Differential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes.

We studied the interferon-a (IFN-α) system in relation to the porcine arterivirus (PoAV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Recombinant porcine IFN-α inhibited t...

Interferon-alpha response to swine arterivirus (PoAV), the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

The concept of pathogenesis has evolved considerably over recent years, and the scenario "a microbe + virulence factors = disease" is probably far from reality in a number of cases. Actual pathogens have extremely broad biological diversity and are found in all major groups of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa…). Their pathogenicity results from strong and often highly specific interactions they have with either their microbial environment, hosts and/or arthropod vectors. In this review, we explore the contribution of metagenomic approaches toward understanding pathogens within the context of microbial communities. With this broader view, we discussed the concept of "pathobiome" and the research questions that this raises.

/pdf/shifting-the-paradigm-from-pathogens-to-pathobiome-new-4h12o9qtxr.pdf

Emmanuel Albina

Papers

African Swine Fever Virus Isolate, Georgia, 2007

Epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an overview.

Differential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes.

Interferon-alpha response to swine arterivirus (PoAV), the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Shifting the paradigm from pathogens to pathobiome: new concepts in the light of meta-omics.