Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Modified Gravity and Cosmology

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed and updated. Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eotvos experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.

/pdf/the-confrontation-between-general-relativity-and-experiment-5dqdube5p9.pdf

The Confrontation Between General Relativity and Experiment

Cosmology and the fate of dilatation symmetry

An explicit expression is given for the unit element E of the ring generated by the Duffin‐Kemmer‐Petiau (DKP) operators βμ. The relation of E to the unit operator I (unit matrix in a matrix representation) is also derived. It is pointed out that one must be careful to distinguish E from I. Bhabha's observation that one may use the irreducible representations (irreps) of the Lie algebra s o (5) to obtain the irreps of the Dirac, DKP, and other algebras is given a concise and general setting in terms of a relation between the Lie algebra s o (n + 1) and a family of semisimple operator rings. We emphasize that for the case n + 1 = 5 this means that there is an underlying relationship between the physical DKP and Dirac algebras and wave equations.

The Lie algebra s o (N) and the Duffin‐Kemmer‐Petiau ring

Recent analyses of datasets acquired at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt both show evidence of pronounced annual variations, suggestive of a solar influence. However, the phases of decay-rate maxima do not correspond precisely to the phase of minimum Sun-Earth distance, as might then be expected. We here examine the hypothesis that decay rates are influenced by an unknown solar radiation, but that the intensity of the radiation is influenced not only by the variation in Sun-Earth distance, but also by a possible North-South asymmetry in the solar emission mechanism. We find that this can lead to phases of decay-rate maxima in the range 0 to 0.183 or 0.683 to 1 (September 6 to March 8) but that, according to this hypothesis, phases in the range 0.183 to 0.683 (March 8 to September 6) are "forbidden." We find that phases of the three datasets here analyzed fall in the allowed range.

Concerning the Phases of Annual Variations of Nuclear Decay Rates

A radiation detection system includes many receivers to continuously receive radiation emission data from at least some of a sufficient density of dispersed detectors capable of communicating geo-positions and photon emission counts over a network; the data includes gamma intensities, time stamps, and geo-positions. A processor builds digital image data of the received radiation data for a geographic area by treating gamma-ray proton data from each dispersed detector as a pixel in a low-light image. The processor continuously executes a plurality of statistical computational analyses on the digital image data to separate detected radiation signals from random, undesired signal noise, and known signal noise or sources. The statistical computational analyses include match-filter and/or other convolution techniques. An interface reports to a user when the computational analyses result in detection of a radiation signal and reports a location of one or more of the dispersed detectors that contribute to the detection.

Nuclear detection via a system of widly distributed low cost detectors

The appearance of new fundamental forces and extra-dimensional modifications to gravity in extensions of the Standard Model has motivated considerable interest in testing Newtonian gravity at short distances (≲ 10-3 m). Presently a number of new gravity experiments are searching for non-Newtonian effects in the ranges ~ 10-4-10-3 m. However, as challenging as these experiments are, formidable new obstacles await the next generation of experiments which will probe gravity at distances ≲10-4 m where Casimir/van der Waals forces become dominant. Here we will review the motivation for conducting such very short distance gravity experiments, and discuss some of the new problems that may arise in future experiments. Finally, we suggest schematic designs for null experiments which would address some of these problems using the “iso-electronic” and “finite-size” effects.

Searching for Extra Dimensions and New String-Inspired Forces in the Casimir Regime

We report a reanalysis of data on the measured decay rate ratio 22Na/44Ti which were originally published by Norman et al., and interpreted as supporting the conventional hypothesis that nuclear decay rates are constant and not affected by outside influences. We find upon a more detailed analysis of both the amplitude and the phase of the Norman data that they actually favor the presence of an annual variation in 22Na/44Ti, albeit weakly. Moreover, this conclusion holds for a broad range of parameters describing the amplitude and phase of an annual sinusoidal variation in these data. The results from this and related analyses underscore the growing importance of phase considerations in understanding the possible influence of the Sun on nuclear decays. Our conclusions with respect to the phase of the Norman data are consistent with independent analyses of solar neutrino data obtained at Super-Kamiokande-I and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO).

Ephraim Fischbach

Papers

The Lie algebra s o (N) and the Duffin‐Kemmer‐Petiau ring

Concerning the Phases of Annual Variations of Nuclear Decay Rates

Nuclear detection via a system of widly distributed low cost detectors

Searching for Extra Dimensions and New String-Inspired Forces in the Casimir Regime

Spectral content of 22 Na/ 44 Ti decay data: implications for a solar influence