Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Modified Gravity and Cosmology

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed and updated. Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eotvos experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.

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The Confrontation Between General Relativity and Experiment

Cosmology and the fate of dilatation symmetry

Recent SLAC results on inclusive scattering of polarized electrons from polarized protons are compared to theoretical models for the distribution of partons in a polarized proton. It is shown that various models, including one proposed earlier by the authors, are in generally good agreement with the data.

Analysis of recent data on the parton distribution functions for polarized protons

Erratum: Experimental signals for hyperphotons [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1342 (1986)]

An apparatus for detecting the presence of a nuclear reactor by the detection of antineutrinos from the reactor can include a radioactive sample having a measurable nuclear activity level and a decay rate capable of changing in response to the presence of antineutrinos, and a detector associated with the radioactive sample. The detector is responsive to at least one of a particle or radiation formed by decay of the radioactive sample. A processor associated with the detector can correlate rate of decay of the radioactive sample to a flux of the antineutrinos to detect the reactor.

Detection of Neutrinos, Antineutrinos, and Neutrino-like Particles

Parity-violating (pv) weak effects in inclusive hadron and jet production are studied in the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Results are given for the asymmetry parameter $\mathcal{a}$ for the processes $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+X$ and $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{jet}+X(X=\mathrm{anything})$, where $\mathcal{a}$ measures the difference in the inclusive cross sections for protons incident with \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} helicity. We also calculate the longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{p}$ of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$'s in $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}+X$ where the initial protons are unpolarized. Such effects arise from the coherent interference between the strong-QCD amplitude, which is parity conserving, and the pv weak amplitude. Due to the interplay between the weak amplitude (which changes flavor but conserves color) and the strong amplitude (which conserves flavor but changes color), only a limited number of parton scattering processes contribute to $\mathcal{a}$ or $\mathcal{p}$. In particular, it is shown that through order ${G}_{F}{{g}_{s}}^{3}$, where ${G}_{F}$ is the Fermi constant and ${g}_{s}$ is the strong quark-quark-gluon coupling constant, the only contributions to $\mathcal{a}$ or $\mathcal{p}$ arise from the interference between a strong quark-quark scattering amplitude in one channel ($\stackrel{^}{s}$, $\stackrel{^}{t}$, or $\stackrel{^}{u}$) and a weak quark-quark amplitude in a different channel. Numerical results are presented for $\mathcal{a}$ and $\mathcal{p}$ as a function of the center-of-momentum energy $\sqrt{s}$ and ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=\frac{2{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{\sqrt{s}}$, where ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is the transverse momentum of the inclusively produced hadron or jet relative to the incoming beam. These results are qualitatively similar to those obtained previously using the phenomenological effective-gluon model of the strong amplitude, although they are somewhat smaller in magnitude for reasons which are discussed. A detailed summary is also given of recent calculations of inclusive strong production.

Erratum: Analysis of weak-interaction effects in high-transverse-momentum hadron-hadron collisions. II. Implications of quantum chromodynamics

A phenomenological quark-quark scattering model is presented which reproduces the inclusive high-transverse-momentum data from CERN ISR and Fermilab for the processes pp ..-->.. cX and pn ..-->.. cX, where c = ..pi../sup plus-or-minus/,..pi../sup 0/,K/sup plus-or-minus/,p,p-bar. This model is obtained by multiplying the usual parton-parton scattering amplitude by the factor (1 - t/B)/sup -2/ where -t is the square of the gluon 4-momentum and B = 18 GeV/sup 2/. The single parameter B describes both the x/sub perpendicular/ dependence at constant s and the s (or p/sub perpendicular/) dependence at constant x/sub perpendicular/ for all c at all energies. An additional normalization constant is needed for each particle to fix the overall scale of the total cross section.

Ephraim Fischbach

Papers

Analysis of recent data on the parton distribution functions for polarized protons

Erratum: Experimental signals for hyperphotons [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1342 (1986)]

Detection of Neutrinos, Antineutrinos, and Neutrino-like Particles

Erratum: Analysis of weak-interaction effects in high-transverse-momentum hadron-hadron collisions. II. Implications of quantum chromodynamics

Phenomenological description of the parton-parton interaction in high-transverse-momentum collisions