Statistics for Spatial Data.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides access to information on a variety of topics related to the environment and strives to inform citizens of health risks. The EPA also has an extensive library network that consists of 26 libraries throughout the United States, which provide access to a plethora of information to EPA employees, scientists, and researchers. The EPA implemented a reorganization project to digitize their materials so they would be more accessible to a wider range of users, but this plan was drastically accelerated when the EPA was threatened with a budget cut. It chose to close and reduce the hours and services of some of their libraries. As a result, the agency was accused of denying users the “right to know” by making information unavailable, not providing an adequate strategic plan, and discarding vital materials. This case study explores the background of the digitization project, the practices implemented, and the critiques of the project.

/pdf/the-environmental-protection-agency-3gx4opzrjm.pdf

The Environmental Protection Agency

This section offers suggestions related to helping a student deal with bullying in schools, as well as creating an environment where that individual can easily return to the school community. It also mentions the significance of the method 'Shared Responsibility' in dealing with the situation.

Assessing the Impact

Field limits, tillage practices and ditch networks constitute man-made hydrological discontinuities in farmed catchments, and are expected to influence hydrological response during flood events. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of human impact, especially the existence of tillage practices and ditch network, on flood events. The study area is the farmed catchment of Roujan (0.91 km 2 ) located in Southern France for which a spatially distributed hydrological model, MHYDAS, was developed and tested. The model considers the catchment as a series of interconnected field parts linked to the ditch network. Descriptions are provided for the main model procedures: computation of Hortonian excess rainfall on fields using the Green and Ampt approach, conversion of excess rainfall to surface runoff, interaction between ditch network and groundwater using a simple Darcian model and flood routing through the ditch network using the diffusive wave model. To analyse the role of both tillage practices and the ditch network, two sets of sensitivity analysis of the model were applied. The first set studied the role of tillage practices by comparing the actual spatial distribution of tillage practices on the catchment with three hypothetical scenarios. The second set studied the role of the ditch network by comparing the actual man-made ditch network with a hypothetical drainage network automatically extracted from a digital elevation model. Results show the importance of the role of tillage and the ditch network on the form of the hydrograph, the lag time, the runoff volume and the peak discharge. This technique could also be applied to study the impact of land use change on the hydrological behaviour of the catchment.

Effects of the Spatial Organization of Agricultural Management on the Hydrological Behaviour of a Farmed Catchment During Flood Events

https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01346018/document

Using multi-tracer inference to move beyond single-catchment ecohydrology

https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/9071/1/Mockler_etal_NationalSourceApportionment_2017.pdf

Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/574254.pdf

Understanding hydrological flow paths in conceptual catchment models using uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/8122/1/Mockler_AWR_2016.pdf

Assessing the relative importance of parameter and forcing uncertainty and their interactions in conceptual hydrological model simulations

Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems (DWTS) are often cited as significant sources of pollution in rural catchments. A mass balance based model has been developed to determine annual nutrient loading from individual DWTS into rivers in Ireland. The transport and attenuation of nitrogen and phosphorus in DWTS effluent to groundwater and surface water has been formulated using the results from field research in Ireland, as well as being informed by other international studies. Conceptually the model splits the transport of nutrients to the river into three pathways: direct to surface water (for areas of inadequate percolation), a near surface (subsoil) pathway, and a groundwater pathway. The model quantifies the net nutrient contribution for each DWTS and has been incorporated into a broader source load apportionment catchment model which includes agricultural inputs, thereby enabling the relative risk of nutrient pollution from DWTS in a catchment to be defined. Mass balance based model to determine annual nutrient loading from DWTS to rivers.Model splits the transport of nutrients to the river into three distinct pathways.Transport and attenuation of nutrients determined by local subsoil permeability.Model incorporated into a broader source load apportionment catchment model.Relative risk of nutrient pollution from DWTS in a catchment can be identified.

Modeling the pathways and attenuation of nutrients from domestic wastewater treatment systems at a catchment scale

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3318/bioe.2016.04

Eva M. Mockler

Papers

Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework.

Understanding hydrological flow paths in conceptual catchment models using uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

Assessing the relative importance of parameter and forcing uncertainty and their interactions in conceptual hydrological model simulations

Modeling the pathways and attenuation of nutrients from domestic wastewater treatment systems at a catchment scale

The Irish Land-Parcels Identification System (LPIS)–Experiences in ongoing and recent environmental research and land cover mapping