Geomycology: biogeochemical transformations of rocks, minerals, metals and radionuclides by fungi, bioweathering and bioremediation

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and is the second largest traded commodity after petroleum. Due to the great demand of this product, large amounts of residues are generated in the coffee industry, which are toxic and represent serious environmental problems. Coffee silverskin and spent coffee grounds are the main coffee industry residues, obtained during the beans roasting, and the process to prepare “instant coffee”, respectively. Recently, some attempts have been made to use these residues for energy or value-added compounds production, as strategies to reduce their toxicity levels, while adding value to them. The present article provides an overview regarding coffee and its main industrial residues. In a first part, the composition of beans and their processing, as well as data about the coffee world production and exportation, are presented. In the sequence, the characteristics, chemical composition, and application of the main coffee industry residues are reviewed. Based on these data, it was concluded that coffee may be considered as one of the most valuable primary products in world trade, crucial to the economies and politics of many developing countries since its cultivation, processing, trading, transportation, and marketing provide employment for millions of people. As a consequence of this big market, the reuse of the main coffee industry residues is of large importance from environmental and economical viewpoints.

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Production, Composition, and Application of Coffee and Its Industrial Residues

Chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo biloba leaves, extracts, and phytopharmaceuticals

Spent coffee ground (SCG) contains large amounts of organic compounds (i.e. fatty acids, amino acids, polyphenols, minerals and polysaccharides) that justify its valorization. Earlier innovation explored the extraction of specific components such as oil, flavor, terpenes, and alcohols as value-added products. However, by-products of coffee fruit and bean processing can also be considered as potential functional ingredients for the food industry. There is an urgent need for practical and innovative ideas to use this low cost SCG and exploit its full potential increasing the overall sustainability of the coffee agro-industry.

Spent coffee grounds: A review on current research and future prospects

Trace elements in tea leaves, made tea and tea infusion: A review

Metals bioaccumulation by bay bolete, Xerocomus badius, from selected sites in Poland

Assessment of fluoride concentration and daily intake by human from tea and herbal infusions.

Differentiation of market coffee and its infusions in view of their mineral composition.

Radionuclides content in Xerocomus badius and other commercial mushrooms from several regions of Poland

In the present study, we have decided to evaluate if serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations may have diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in juvenile patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study included 81 children and adolescents with T1DM and 19 control subjects. All study participants had biochemical parameters examined, underwent an eye examination, and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. Moreover, serum concentrations of TGF-β1 were measured. The group of patients with T1DM and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) had statistically significant higher serum levels of TGF-β1 () as compared to T1DM patients without retinopathy as well as the healthy control subject. The threshold serum TGF-β1 concentrations which had a discriminative ability to predict the presence of DR were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis and amounted to 443 pg/ml. The area under the ROC curve () was 0.80, and its population value was in the range of 0.66 to 0.94. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to be 72% and 88%, respectively. Our results suggest that TGF-β1 serum concentrations may be an additional parameter in predicting the occurrence of DR in juvenile patients with T1DM.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2013/614908.pdf

Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-Beta 1 in predicting the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in juvenile patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Ewa Malinowska

Papers

Metals bioaccumulation by bay bolete, Xerocomus badius, from selected sites in Poland

Assessment of fluoride concentration and daily intake by human from tea and herbal infusions.

Differentiation of market coffee and its infusions in view of their mineral composition.

Radionuclides content in Xerocomus badius and other commercial mushrooms from several regions of Poland

Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-Beta 1 in predicting the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in juvenile patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.