다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

Since the discovery of highly conducting polyacetylene by Shirakawa, MacDiarmid, and Heeger in 1977, π-conjugated systems have attracted much attention as futuristic materials for the development and production of the next generation of electronics, that is, organic electronics. Conceptually, organic electronics are quite different from conventional inorganic solid state electronics because the structural versatility of organic semiconductors allows for the incorporation of functionality by molecular design. This versatility leads to a new era in the design of electronic devices. To date, the great number of π-conjugated semiconducting materials that have either been discovered or synthesized generate an exciting library of π-conjugated systems for use in organic electronics. 11 However, some key challenges for further advancement remain: the low mobility and stability of organic semiconductors, the lack of knowledge regarding structure property relationships for understanding the fundamental chemical aspects behind the structural design, and realization of desired properties. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are a kind of device consisting of an organic semiconducting layer, a gate insulator layer, and three terminals (drain, source, and gate electrodes). OFETs are not only essential building blocks for the next generation of cheap and flexible organic circuits, but they also provide an important insight into the charge transport of πconjugated systems. Therefore, they act as strong tools for the exploration of the structure property relationships of πconjugated systems, such as parameters of field-effect mobility (μ, the drift velocity of carriers under unit electric field), current on/off ratio (the ratio of the maximum on-state current to the minimum off-state current), and threshold voltage (the minimum gate voltage that is required to turn on the transistor). 17 Since the discovery of OFETs in the 1980s, they have attracted much attention. Research onOFETs includes the discovery, design, and synthesis of π-conjugated systems for OFETs, device optimization, development of applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, flexible displays, electronic papers, sensors, and so forth. It is beyond the scope of this review to cover all aspects of π-conjugated systems; hence, our focus will be on the performance analysis of π-conjugated systems in OFETs. This should make it possible to extract information regarding the fundamental merit of semiconducting π-conjugated materials and capture what is needed for newmaterials and what is the synthesis orientation of newπ-conjugated systems. In fact, for a new science with many practical applications, the field of organic electronics is progressing extremely rapidly. For example, using “organic field effect transistor” or “organic field effect transistors” as the query keywords to search the Web of Science citation database, it is possible to show the distribution of papers over recent years as shown in Figure 1A. It is very clear

Semiconducting π-conjugated systems in field-effect transistors: a material odyssey of organic electronics.

Tuning the bandgap of multiferroic solar cells made from Bi2FeCrO6 is achieved by cationic ordering and is shown to dramatically improve their performance.

Bandgap tuning of multiferroic oxide solar cells

https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/pdf/S0167-7799(15)00188-2.pdf

Antibacterial Coatings: Challenges, Perspectives, and Opportunities

Properties of large organic molecules on metal surfaces

The surface-mediated synthesis of epitaxially aligned and separated polyphenylene lines on Cu(110) by exploiting the Ullmann dehalogenation reaction is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that the C-I bonds of 1,4-diiodobenzene and 1,3-diiodobenzene (C6H4I2) are catalytically cleaved when dosed onto the surface. Subsequent annealing transforms the copper-bound phenylene intermediates into covalent conjugated structures: linear chains of poly(p-phenylene) for 1,4-diiodobenzene and zigzag chains of poly(m-phenylene) as well as macrocyclic oligomers in the case of 1,3-diiodobenzene. The chains are strongly bound to the surface (likely through C[BOND]Cu bonds at the chain-ends) while the macrocycles are very mobile and can only be imaged by STM at low temperature. The detached halogens adsorb on the surface and separate the polymer chains from each other.

Synthesis of polyphenylene molecular wires by surface-confined polymerization.

Crystal surface templates may improve the electronic properties of conjugated polymers by linking them into two-dimensional networks.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/323/5911/216.full.pdf

Federico Rosei

Papers

Bandgap tuning of multiferroic oxide solar cells

Antibacterial Coatings: Challenges, Perspectives, and Opportunities

Properties of large organic molecules on metal surfaces

Synthesis of polyphenylene molecular wires by surface-confined polymerization.

Extending Polymer Conjugation into the Second Dimension