Abstract A two-dimensional version of the Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model has been applied to Winter Monsoon Experiment data in order to simulate the diurnally occurring convection observed over the South China Sea. The domain includes a representation of part of Borneo as well as the sea so that the model can simulate the initiation of convection. Also included in the model are parameterizations of mesoscale ice phase and moisture processes and longwave and shortwave radiation with a diurnal cycle. This allows use of the model to test the relative importance of various heating mechanisms to the stratiform cloud deck, which typically occupies several hundred kilometers of the domain. Frank and Cohen's cumulus parameterization scheme is employed to represent vital unresolved vertical transports in the convective area. The major conclusions are: Ice phase processes are important in determining the level of maximum large-scale heating and vertical motion because there is a strong anvil componen...

Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model [presentation]

Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis

In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on climate variability than previously thought This paper reviews climate phenomena and processes in which the IO is, or appears to be, actively involved We begin with an update of the IO mean circulation and monsoon system It is followed by reviews of ocean/atmosphere phenomenon at intraseasonal, interannual, and longer time scales Much of our review addresses the two important types of interannual variability in the IO, El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the recently identified Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) IOD events are often triggered by ENSO but can also occur independently, subject to eastern tropical preconditioning Over the past decades, IO sea surface temperatures and heat content have been increasing, and model studies suggest significant roles of decadal trends in both the Walker circulation and the Southern Annular Mode Prediction of IO climate variability is still at the experimental stage, with varied success Essential requirements for better predictions are improved models and enhanced observations

Indian Ocean circulation and climate variability

[1] Arctic amplification (AA) – the observed enhanced warming in high northern latitudes relative to the northern hemisphere – is evident in lower-tropospheric temperatures and in 1000-to-500 hPa thicknesses. Daily fields of 500 hPa heights from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis are analyzed over N. America and the N. Atlantic to assess changes in north-south (Rossby) wave characteristics associated with AA and the relaxation of poleward thickness gradients. Two effects are identified that each contribute to a slower eastward progression of Rossby waves in the upper-level flow: 1) weakened zonal winds, and 2) increased wave amplitude. These effects are particularly evident in autumn and winter consistent with sea-ice loss, but are also apparent in summer, possibly related to earlier snow melt on high-latitude land. Slower progression of upper-level waves would cause associated weather patterns in mid-latitudes to be more persistent, which may lead to an increased probability of extreme weather events that result from prolonged conditions, such as drought, flooding, cold spells, and heat waves.

Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate change

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/MET/Faculty/bwang/bw/paper/185_BW-SCSreview.pdf

Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review

In natural and social science, many events happened at different space-times may be closely correlated. Two events, A (Alice) and B (Bob) are defined correlated if one event is determined by another, say, $${\boldsymbol{B}}=\hat{{\boldsymbol{f}}}A$$
 B
 =
 f
 ˆ
 A
 for suitable $$\hat{{\boldsymbol{f}}}$$
 f
 ˆ
 operators. Taking KdV and coupled KdV systems as examples, we can find some types of models (AB-KdV systems) to exhibit the existence on the correlated solutions linked with two events. The idea of this report is valid not only for physical problems related to KdV systems but also for problems described by arbitrary continuous or discrete models. The parity and time reversal symmetries are extended to shifted parity and delayed time reversal. The new symmetries are found to be useful not only to establish AB-systems but also to find group invariant solutions of numerous AB-systems. A new elegant form of the N-soliton solutions of the KdV equation and then the AB-KdV systems is obtained. A concrete AB-KdV system derived from the nonlinear inviscid dissipative and barotropic vorticity equation in a β-plane channel is applied to the two correlated monople blocking events which is responsible for the snow disaster in the winter of 2007/2008 happened in Southern China.

/pdf/alice-bob-physics-coherent-solutions-of-nonlocal-kdv-systems-505pkw7xy3.pdf

Alice-Bob Physics: Coherent Solutions of Nonlocal KdV Systems.

Deep-sea pollen from the South China Sea: Pleistocene indicators of East Asian monsoon

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) variability is assessed using a retrospective analysis of the global ocean based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) experiment spanning the period 1950–99. A comparison between the 1983–95 observed ITF, and the simulated ITF suggests a reasonably accurate reconstruction of ocean circulation in the vicinity of the ITF during the available measurement record. A wavelet analysis shows that once the seasonal cycle is removed, the dominant variation of the ITF anomaly is an interannual oscillation with a period of about 4–7 yr. This interannual variability is significantly correlated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pattern, with the ITF lagging the ENSO cycle by 8–9 months. This suggests that large-scale tropical ocean–atmosphere interaction plays an important role in the interannual variability of the ITF. Regional upper-ocean heat content variability might also play a role in controlling interannual fluctuations of the ITF transport via geostro...

https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/clim/18/9/jcli3322.1.pdf

On the Interannual Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow and Its Linkage with ENSO

http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/picture/article/202/16/f3/bcd8e6dc413eb70d5b1a32924985/f599c76d-0318-41c5-a0c2-b1a17dc51f0b.pdf.x

Fei Huang

Papers

Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review

Alice-Bob Physics: Coherent Solutions of Nonlocal KdV Systems.

Deep-sea pollen from the South China Sea: Pleistocene indicators of East Asian monsoon

On the Interannual Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow and Its Linkage with ENSO

Rogue wave solutions of AB system