50 Years of Image Analysis

Hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the...

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

https://mostwiedzy.pl/pl/publication/download/1/a-new-tool-for-the-evaluation-of-the-analytical-procedure-green-analytical-procedure-index_24146.pdf

A new tool for the evaluation of the analytical procedure: Green Analytical Procedure Index.

There is great need for stand-alone luminescence-based chemosensors that exemplify selectivity, sensitivity, and applicability and that overcome the challenges that arise from complex, real-world media. Discussed herein are recent developments toward these goals in the field of supramolecular luminescent chemosensors, including macrocycles, polymers, and nanomaterials. Specific focus is placed on the development of new macrocycle hosts since 2010, coupled with considerations of the underlying principles of supramolecular chemistry as well as analytes of interest and common luminophores. State-of-the-art developments in the fields of polymer and nanomaterial sensors are also examined, and some remaining unsolved challenges in the area of chemosensors are discussed.

/pdf/supramolecular-luminescent-sensors-1rs45r4um4.pdf

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

Objective The Center of Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) in the food and drug administration (FDA) approves new drugs every year. This review discusses the novel drugs of the FDA in 2018, with emphasis on the breakthrough drugs, the milestones in the approved list, and drugs with the highest expected sales in 2024. Methods The following scientific search engines were surveyed for the clinical trials of the drugs approved by the FDA in 2018: Pubmed, Springer link, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley online library, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar. The total forecast sales were compared based on information from the Cortellis database, EvaluatePharma, and Nature Biobusiness Briefs. Results The 2018 year was full of good news for the drug market in the USA, with 59 new drug approvals by the FDA, which is the highest number of approvals in the last twenty years. The oncology and the antimicrobial drugs represent almost 50% of the new list, which gives hope to cancer patients and subjects with infectious diseases. In the 2018 FDA list, a number of drugs are expected to exceed 1$ billion dollars of sales by 2024. Conclusion The new drugs approved by the FDA in 2018 have been reviewed. This year showed the highest number of new drug approvals in the last two decades. Among the 59 drugs approved in 2018, 14 drugs are considered breakthroughs, which revive hope for many poorly managed diseases. The list also contains 19 drugs that are first in class and 43 that were given priority reviews.

Insights into the FDA 2018 New Drug Approvals

A simple, fast, and green one-step microwave pyrolysis approach was proposed for the synthesis of highly fluorescent nitrogen/sulfur-doped carbon dots (NS-CDs). The proposed NS-CDs were prepared in only one minute from citric acid and thiosemicarbazide. In the presence of Cu2+, the fluorescence of NS-CDs was significantly quenched (“turn off”) through the formation of a non-fluorescent NS-CDs/Cu2+ complex. This designed sensor could be applied for label-free determination of vildagliptin based on the competition between vildagliptin and the functional groups on NS-CDs for Cu2+ complexation, and hence NS-CD fluorescence recovery (“turn on”). Under the optimized conditions, the developed probe (NS-CDs/Cu2+) demonstrated a good sensing performance for vildagliptin with linearity in the range of 45–240 μM and a detection limit of 13.411 μM. Owing to its sensitivity, this sensor was successfully applied for vildagliptin determination in human urine samples.

/pdf/innovative-spectrofluorimetric-determination-of-vildagliptin-3pdpti62.pdf

Innovative spectrofluorimetric determination of vildagliptin based on a “switch off/on” NS-doped carbon dot nanosensor

DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC IONS AND PHARMACEUTICALS BY FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS AND ION EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY by Fotouh R. Mansour This dissertation consists of two parts, each of which addresses a different analytical technique: Part I, Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), includes three chapters: Chapter 1, Reverse Flow Injection Analysis (rFIA), is a review about one of the FIA modes that can be used to minimize reagent consumption, decrease sample dispersion, and enhance the sensitivity. Chapter 2, Flow Injection Determination of Carboxylate, Phosphate, and Sulfhydryl Compounds using Exchange Complexation, addresses exploiting the decrease in absorbance of the Fe(III)-salicylate complex due to preferential ligand interaction with ferric ion for quantitative analysis. Chapter 3, Indirect Detection in FIA, is a review that discusses the different methods reported for the optimization of FIA applications based on indirect detection together with another proposed method of optimization. Part II, Ion Exclusion Chromatography (IELC), includes six chapters: Chapter 4, IELC of Aromatic Acids, is a review that discusses the retention mechanisms as well as the factors affecting retention, eluents, and detection methods used in IELC of aromatic acids. Chapter 5, Separation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carboxylic Acids by Conventional and Ultra High Performance (UHP)-IELC, addresses an IELC comparison between a conventional ion exchange column and a UHPLC dynamically modified C18 column for the separation of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and two aromatic carboxylic acids. Chapter 6, Multimodal Liquid Chromatography (MMLC) of Small Molecules, is reviewing the different applications of MMLC in medical, pharmaceutical, and industrial analysis of small molecules. Chapter 7, Determination of Carnitine and Acylcarnitines in Biological Samples, is a review about the different separation methods of carnitine and acylcarnitines in addition to the sample preparation and the different derivatization reactions. Chapter 8, Separation of Carnitine and Acetylcarnitine by Mixed Mode Ion Exchange/Ion Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, proposes a simple and fast MMLC method for determination of total and free carnitine in human serum. The method is based on separation of free carnitine from acetic acid and acetylcarnitine by a mixed mode IEC/IELC technique. Chapter 9, Separation of Unfractionated Heparin and Other Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) using Ion Exclusion Chromatography, introduces IELC as an alternative to the pharmacopeial method to separate oversulfated chondroitin sulfate from heparin and other GAGs. DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC IONS AND PHARMACEUTICALS BY FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS AND ION EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY

Fotouh R. Mansour

Papers

Insights into the FDA 2018 New Drug Approvals

Innovative spectrofluorimetric determination of vildagliptin based on a “switch off/on” NS-doped carbon dot nanosensor

Determination of organic ions and pharmaceuticals by flow injection analysis and ion exclusion chromatography

An innovative spectrophotometric method for determination of polidocanol in pharmaceutical ampoules using phase equilibrium measurements

Effect of ethoxylated sorbitan ester surfactants on the chromatographic efficiency of poly(ethylene glycol)-based monoliths.