Ageing results from complex genetically and epigenetically programmed processes that are elicited in part by noxious or stressful events that cause programmed cell death Here, we report that administration of spermidine, a natural polyamine whose intracellular concentration declines during human ageing, markedly extended the lifespan of yeast, flies and worms, and human immune cells In addition, spermidine administration potently inhibited oxidative stress in ageing mice In ageing yeast, spermidine treatment triggered epigenetic deacetylation of histone H3 through inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (HAT), suppressing oxidative stress and necrosis Conversely, depletion of endogenous polyamines led to hyperacetylation, generation of reactive oxygen species, early necrotic death and decreased lifespan The altered acetylation status of the chromatin led to significant upregulation of various autophagy-related transcripts, triggering autophagy in yeast, flies, worms and human cells Finally, we found that enhanced autophagy is crucial for polyamine-induced suppression of necrosis and enhanced longevity

Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity

Goals Reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. All new residential buildings meet zero-­‐net-­‐energy (ZNE) goals by 2020, all new commercial buildings by 2030. Why it is Important Combustion of fossil fuels to power vehicles and buildings is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the state. Energy use in residential and commercial buildings and the industrial sector is the second largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in California. California has significantly reduced building energy demand through a series of progressive appliance and building standards that promote energy efficiency. These standards, combined with the state's mild climate, mean that California has among the lowest per capita electricity consumption rates of any state in the nation. In 2011, California had the fifth lowest per capita energy demand of any state. 1 Recent Trends Energy consumption occurs in all sectors of state's economy. In California, the transportation sector accounts for the highest share of the state's energy consumption. This demand is met, primarily, through the combustion of fossil fuels to power passenger cars and trucks. Consumption in the industrial, commercial, and industrial sectors is primarily accounted for by electricity and natural gas consumption. 1 Electricity use per capita in California is well below the national average 2 , owing to the state's appliance and building energy efficiency standards and mild climate. Even as the state's population has continued to grow, per capita electricity use has remained steady, while the national average has increased slightly. When comparing per capita energy consumption by sector, it is clear that California's energy efficiency efforts have been most successful in the building sector.

Energy on demand

Current approaches and challenges for the metabolite profiling of complex natural extracts

Experience and memory of environmental stimuli that indicate future stress can prepare (prime) organismic stress responses even in species lacking a nervous system The process through which such organisms prepare their phenotype for an improved response to future stress has been termed 'priming' However, other terms are also used for this phenomenon, especially when considering priming in different types of organisms and when referring to different stressors Here we propose a conceptual framework for priming of stress responses in bacteria, fungi and plants which allows comparison of priming with other terms, eg adaptation, acclimation, induction, acquired resistance and cross protection We address spatial and temporal aspects of priming and highlight current knowledge about the mechanisms necessary for information storage which range from epigenetic marks to the accumulation of (dormant) signalling molecules Furthermore, we outline possible patterns of primed stress responses Finally, we link the ability of organisms to become primed for stress responses (their 'primability') with evolutionary ecology aspects and discuss which properties of an organism and its environment may favour the evolution of priming of stress responses

Priming and memory of stress responses in organisms lacking a nervous system.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Disseminated lung injury with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause of mortality in COVID-19. Although liver failure does not seem to occur in the absence of pre-existing liver disease, hepatic involvement in COVID-19 may correlate with overall disease severity and serve as a prognostic factor for the development of ARDS. The spectrum of liver injury in COVID-19 may range from direct infection by SARS-CoV-2, indirect involvement by systemic inflammation, hypoxic changes, iatrogenic causes such as drugs and ventilation to exacerbation of underlying liver disease. This concise review discusses the potential pathophysiological mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 hepatic tropism as well as acute and possibly long-term liver injury in COVID-19.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/liv.14730

Pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in COVID-19.

Hippo-released WWC1 facilitates AMPA receptor regulatory complexes for hippocampal learning.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence are hallmarks of aging. However, the relationship between these two phenomena remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the rewiring of mitochondria upon development of the senescent state in human IMR90 fibroblasts. Determining the bioenergetic activities and abundance of mitochondria, we demonstrate that senescent cells accumulate mitochondria with reduced OXPHOS activity, resulting in an overall increase of mitochondrial activities in senescent cells. Time-resolved proteomic analyses revealed extensive reprogramming of the mitochondrial proteome upon senescence development and allowed the identification of metabolic pathways that are rewired with different kinetics upon establishment of the senescent state. Among the early-responding pathways, the degradation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) was increased, while the one carbon-folate metabolism was decreased. Late-responding pathways include lipid metabolism and mitochondrial translation. These signatures were confirmed by metabolic tracing experiments, highlighting metabolic rewiring as a central feature of mitochondria in cellular senescence. Together, our data provide an unprecedentedly comprehensive view on the metabolic status of mitochondria in senescent cells and reveal how the mitochondrial proteome adapts to the induction of senescence.

/pdf/metabolic-rewiring-of-mitochondria-in-senescence-revealed-by-tuf5yqmg.pdf

Metabolic rewiring of mitochondria in senescence revealed by time-resolved analysis of the mitochondrial proteome

Time-resolved proteomic analyses of senescent fibroblasts reveal that nearly 40% of the analyzed mitochondrial proteome have changed upon induction of senescence. Our study highlights the rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism as a central feature among all changes in mitochondrial pathways of senescent cells.

/pdf/time-resolved-proteomic-analyses-of-senescence-highlight-6nbs3okp.pdf

Frederik Dethloff

Papers

Hippo-released WWC1 facilitates AMPA receptor regulatory complexes for hippocampal learning.

Metabolic rewiring of mitochondria in senescence revealed by time-resolved analysis of the mitochondrial proteome

Time-resolved proteomic analyses of senescence highlight metabolic rewiring of mitochondria