There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

Singular Integral Equations. By N.I. Muskhelishvili. Translated fromthe 2nd Russian edition by J.R.M. Radok. Pp. 447. F1. 28.50. 1953. (Noordhoff, Groningen)

Energy harvesting generators are attractive as inexhaustible replacements for batteries in low-power wireless electronic devices and have received increasing research interest in recent years. Ambient motion is one of the main sources of energy for harvesting, and a wide range of motion-powered energy harvesters have been proposed or demonstrated, particularly at the microscale. This paper reviews the principles and state-of-art in motion-driven miniature energy harvesters and discusses trends, suitable applications, and possible future developments.

/pdf/energy-harvesting-from-human-and-machine-motion-for-wireless-3lsf4oudvo.pdf

Energy Harvesting From Human and Machine Motion for Wireless Electronic Devices

Guided Lamb waves for identification of damage in composite structures: A review

An optimal design of a mono-stable vertical diamagnetic levitation based electromagnetic vibration energy harvester

In this paper a novel electromagnetic vibration type energy harvester that uses a diamagnetic levitation system is conceptualized, designed, fabricated, and tested. The harvester uses two diamagnetic plates made of pyrolytic graphite between which a cylindrical magnet levitates passively. Two thick cylindrical coils, placed in grooves which are engraved in the pyrolytic graphite plates, are used to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy efficiently. The geometric configurations of the coils are selected based on the field distribution of the magnet to enhance the efficiency of the harvester. A thorough theoretical analysis is carried out to compare with experimental results. At an input power of 103.45 μW and at a frequency of 2.7 Hz, the harvester generated a power of 0.74 μW with a system efficiency of 0.72%. Both theoretical and experimental results show that this new energy harvesting system can capture low frequency broadband spectra.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/22/5/055016/pdf

A magnetically levitated vibration energy harvester

Wireless sensor technology, which integrates transducers with microcontrollers and wireless communication, has become increasingly vital in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. However, the low I/O (input/output) throughput of conventional wireless sensors impedes their usage in applications using high-frequency signals, such as active diagnosis and passive acoustic emission (AE). In this paper, the limitations of extending conventional wireless sensors to handle high-speed acquisition are first identified and discussed. Based on the efforts made in improving wireless sensors with centralized system architecture, a novel dual-controller based architecture is proposed to facilitate high-speed data acquisition and improve power efficiency. Then, a wireless sensor platform, specifically designed for active diagnosis employing stress waves to localize damages, is presented. The newly developed wireless sensor with dimensions of 30 mm × 30 mm × 35 mm utilizes a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as a secondary controller and can support a sampling rate up to 20 million samples per second (Msps). Laboratory experiments for verification show that the wireless sensor can explore new applications at the opposite end of the spectrum from conventional applications: those involving high fidelity and high-speed data acquisition.

Wireless sensors with dual-controller architecture for active diagnosis in structural health monitoring

The J-integral is investigated in discrete atomic systems using molecular mechanics simulations A method of calculating J-integral in specified atomic domains is developed Two cases, a semiinfinite crack in an infinite domain under the remote K-field deformation and a finite crack length in a finite geometry under the tensile and shear deformation prescribed on the boundary, are studied in the two-dimensional graphene sheets and the values of J-integral are obtained under small-strain deformation The comparison with energy release rates in Mode I and Mode II based on continuum theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics show good agreements Meanwhile, the nonlinear strain and stress relation of a 2D graphene sheet is evaluated and is fitted with a power law curve With necessary modifications on the Tersoff-Brenner potential, the critical values of J-integral of 2D graphene systems, which denoted as Jc, are eventually obtained The results are then compared with those from the relevant references

Atomistic simulations of J-integral in 2D graphene nanosystems.

The electromagnetic and thermal effects on the stress distribution around the crack tip in conducting materials due to electric current are investigated. Emphases are placed on quantifying the crack growth behavior affected by the interplay between these effects. A two-dimensional finite element analysis is conducted to examine the coupled problems. The results show that the compressive stress state around the crack tip plays a decisive role in preventing the crack from further growth. The resulting normal stress in front of the crack tip caused by the Joule heat generation tends to suppress the crack growth, while the stress induced by the electromagnetic forces provides a tensile normal stress with smaller magnitude in the vicinity of the crack tip, hence promotes the crack growth. Favorable agreements between numerical analysis results and existing experimental results are achieved. By utilizing these phenomena, the electric current may be used to actively control the damage propagation, hence catastrophic failure can be prevented.

Fuh-Gwo Yuan

Papers

An optimal design of a mono-stable vertical diamagnetic levitation based electromagnetic vibration energy harvester

A magnetically levitated vibration energy harvester

Wireless sensors with dual-controller architecture for active diagnosis in structural health monitoring

Atomistic simulations of J-integral in 2D graphene nanosystems.

Electric current-induced stresses at the crack tip in conductors