The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power sources that can lead us to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. The development of new materials for Li-ion batteries is the focus of research in prominent groups in the field of materials science throughout the world. Li-ion batteries can be considered to be the most impressive success story of modern electrochemistry in the last two decades. They power most of today's portable devices, and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale for more demanding applications, such as EV. Since this field is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is important to provide current and timely updates of this constantly changing technology. In this review, we describe the key aspects of Li-ion batteries: the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solutions, as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use, such as EV and load-leveling applications.

Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review

The science and technology of ultracapacitors are reviewed for a number of electrode materials, including carbon, mixed metal oxides, and conducting polymers. More work has been done using microporous carbons than with the other materials and most of the commercially available devices use carbon electrodes and an organic electrolytes. The energy density of these devices is 3¯5 Wh/kg with a power density of 300¯500 W/kg for high efficiency (90¯95%) charge/discharges. Projections of future developments using carbon indicate that energy densities of 10 Wh/kg or higher are likely with power densities of 1¯2 kW/kg. A key problem in the fabrication of these advanced devices is the bonding of the thin electrodes to a current collector such the contact resistance is less than 0.1 cm2. Special attention is given in the paper to comparing the power density characteristics of ultracapacitors and batteries. The comparisons should be made at the same charge/discharge efficiency.

Ultracapacitors: Why, How, and Where is the Technology

This critical review presents an overview of the various classes of Li(+) conductors for use as electrolytes in lithium polymer batteries and all-solid state microbatteries. Initially, we recall the main models for ion transport and the structure-transport relationships at the basis of the observed conductivity behaviours. Emphasis is then placed on the physico-chemical and functional parameters relevant for optimal electrolytes preparation, as well as on the techniques of choice for their evaluation. Finally, the state of the art of polymer and ceramic electrolytes is reported, and the most interesting strategies for the future developments are described (121 references).

Electrolytes for solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries: recent advances and perspectives

Nonlinear Optical Crystals: A Complete Survey

A new method of blind image authentication based on secret sharing and data repair capability via the use of Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is proposed. The method manipulates the properties of al...

Portable Network Graphics Approach to the Authentication of Halftone Images with Henon Map Encryption

Energy storage performance of CoNiSe2 nanostructures

Stoichiometric LiNbO3 (LN) crystals doubly doped with Fe and Mn exhibited a strong reversible photochromic effect at room temperature. Irradiation with UV light induced a new absorption band extending from approximately λ=650 nm to the absorption edge, which could also be bleached by subsequent visible illumination. The dark decay times of induced absorption at room temperature were estimated to be approximately 2 months and more than a year for as-grown and oxidized crystals, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that the photochromic process in LN:Fe,Mn occurs by an intervalence charge transfer between deep Mn2+/3+ and shallow Fe2+/3+ energy levels. It was also found that only a small fraction of the doping ions are involved in the photochromic process.

Photochromic Effect in Stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe,Mn

Cobalt Vanadium Oxide Nanoclusters for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

One of the l -arginine salts, l -arginine diphosphate ( l -arg · 2H 3 PO 4 ) (LAP2) has been synthesised. The crystals of LAP2 are grown by slow evaporation technique and the habit of the crystal is explained. Etching studies have been done on the (100) and (011) faces of the grown crystals using water as an etchant. The lattice parameter values have been determined using X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The different modes of vibrations present in the crystal are identified from Fourier Infrared spectroscopy analysis. The melting point, decomposition temperature and weight loss during heating are found from the Differential Thermal (DT) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. UV–VIS spectroscopy analysis has also been done on LAP2 crystal.

Ganesan Ravi

Papers

Portable Network Graphics Approach to the Authentication of Halftone Images with Henon Map Encryption

Energy storage performance of CoNiSe2 nanostructures

Photochromic Effect in Stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe,Mn

Cobalt Vanadium Oxide Nanoclusters for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Growth of stubbier habit LAP2 single crystals and their characterisation studies