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Input Output Analysis Foundations And Extensions

Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment.

Sustainability assessment is being increasingly viewed as an important tool to aid in the shift towards sustainability. However, this is a new and evolving concept and there remain very few examples of effective sustainability assessment processes implemented anywhere in the world. Sustainability assessment is often described as a process by which the implications of an initiative on sustainability are evaluated, where the initiative can be a proposed or existing policy, plan, programme, project, piece of legislation, or a current practice or activity. However, this generic definition covers a broad range of different processes, many of which have been described in the literature as 'sustainability assessment'. This article seeks to provide some clarification by reflecting on the different approaches described in the literature as being forms of sustainability assessment, and evaluating them in terms of their potential contributions to sustainability. Many of these are actually examples of 'integrated assessment', derived from environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA), but which have been extended to incorporate social and economic considerations as well as environmental ones, reflecting a 'triple bottom line' (TBL) approach to sustainability. These integrated assessment processes typically either seek to minimise 'unsustainability', or to achieve TBL objectives. Both aims may, or may not, result in sustainable practice. We present an alternative conception of sustainability assessment, with the more ambitious aim of seeking to determine whether or not an initiative is actually sustainable. We term such processes 'assessment for sustainability'. 'Assessment for sustainability' firstly requires that the concept of sustainability be well-defined. The article compares TBL approaches and principles-based approaches to developing such sustainability criteria, concluding that the latter are more appropriate, since they avoid many of the inherent limitations of the triple-bottom-line as a conception of sustainability.

Conceptualising sustainability assessment

Annual Energy Outlook 2008 With Projections to 2030

Several simplified design procedures for solar energy systems require monthly average meteorological data. Monthly average daily totals of the solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface are available. However, radiation data on tilted surfaces, required by the design procedures, are generally not available. A simple method of estimating the average daily radiation for each calendar month on surfaces facing directly towards the equator has been presented by Liu and Jordan [1]. This method is verified with experimental measurements and extended to allow calculation of monthly average radiation on surfaces of a wide range of orientations.

Calculation of monthly average insolation on tilted surfaces

Author(s): He, Gang | Advisor(s): Kammen, Daniel M. | Abstract: China’s power sector accounts for 25% of the world coal consumption–fully about 13% of total global carbon emissions from fossil fuel. Decarbonizing China’s power sector will shape how the country and to a large extent the world uses energy and addresses pollution and climate change. Combining methods of GIS modeling and wind and solar capacity factor simulation, this study utilized 200 representative locations each independently for wind and solar, with 10 years of hourly wind speed and solar irradiation data to investigate provincial capacity and output potentials from 2001 to 2010, and to build wind and solar availability profiles. This study then examined the implications of the solar and wind variability and availability in the context of an overall energy strategy for China by using a system optimization model: SWITCH-China to analyze the feasibility, costs and benefits of China’s clean power transition under three key policy scenarios: Reference Scenario, Low Cost Renewable Scenario, and Carbon Cap Scenario. By optimizing capacity expansion and hourly generation dispatch simultaneously, SWITCH-China is uniquely suited to explore both the value of and synergies among various power system technology options, providing policymakers and industry leaders with important information about the optimal development of the electricity grid. China’s power sector is in the midst of fast development, and today’s investment decisions will have a large impact on the country’s ability to achieve its environmental and carbon mitigation goals. Concerted actions are needed to enable such a transition, including introducing a meaningful carbon price, coordinating the investment decisions, and building the necessary infrastructure for moving energy around.

/pdf/decarbonizing-china-s-power-sector-potential-prospects-and-1rg284ypz9.pdf

Decarbonizing China’s Power Sector: Potential, Prospects and Policy

Electrification is key to deliver modern energy services and other fundamental services that dependent on energy. China has achieved electricity for all by end of 2015. This is an impressive achievement, giving China’s large population and the world still has more than 1 billion population without electricity access. Finance is one of the main barriers to deliver energy to the world poorest. While there are numerous programs to facilitate and promote electrification in developing world, there are significant finance gaps to achieve UN’s Sustainable Energy for All by 2030. About 6 billion USD a year in commitments went to increase residential electricity access for medium or high levels of electricity service, which falls well below the estimated 45 billion USD needed annually to meet the 2030 objective of universal electrification. There are still significant financial gaps to fill to enable global electricity for all.

Financing the Last Mile of Electricity-for-All Programs: Experiences from China

The world’s greatest coal arbitrage

Green innovation integrates innovation-driven and green development strategies, which helps to realize the green transformation of production and life in the Yangtze River Delta region, and promote high-quality economic development. Based on the multidisciplinary cross attribute of system dynamics (SD), the boundary and influencing factors of the green innovation system are defined, and the system dynamics model of green innovation ability of science and technology enterprises is constructed. With the help of statistical data from 2010 to 2020, the model is simulated to explore the change trend and law of elements. The results show that: (1) The green innovation ability of science and technology enterprises is composed of three stages, knowledge innovation, technological innovation, and innovation application, which are interconnected and progressive. The change trend of each variable is conducive to the improvement of green innovation competitiveness, and the green innovation benefits are significant. (2) Green innovation is driven by multidimensional factors such as R&D investment, technological innovation investment, knowledge innovation ability, and the conversion rate of scientific research achievements. The improvement of the conversion rate of scientific research achievements has the greatest impact on the enterprise’s green innovation ability, and the change trend is more obvious. (3) Positive and negative two-direction sub-mode regulation of R&D investment, technological innovation investment, and scientific research achievement conversion coefficient will affect the speed of green innovation accumulation of enterprises, and this increment is marginally increasing with the increase of the coefficient in the short term. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to promote the green innovation ability of science and technology enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13031/pdf?version=1665564618

Driving Path and System Simulation of Green Innovation Capability of Science and Technology Enterprises in Yangtze River Delta

/pdf/a-review-of-commercially-available-technologies-in-20bp1r4fb2.pdf

Gang He

Papers

Decarbonizing China’s Power Sector: Potential, Prospects and Policy

Financing the Last Mile of Electricity-for-All Programs: Experiences from China

The world’s greatest coal arbitrage

Driving Path and System Simulation of Green Innovation Capability of Science and Technology Enterprises in Yangtze River Delta

A Review of Commercially Available Technologies in Developing Low Carbon Eco-cities