世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

25. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. By D. B. Rubin. ISBN 0 471 08705 X. Wiley, Chichester, 1987. 258 pp. £30.25.

Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys

This article presents a new data set on inequality in the distribution of income. The authors explain the criteria they applied in selecting data on Gini coefficients and on individual quintile groups' income shares. Comparison of the new data set with existing compilations reveals that the data assembled here represent an improvement in quality and a significant expansion in coverage, although differences in the definition of the underlying data might still affect intertemporal and international comparability. Based on this new data set, the authors do not find a systematic link between growth and changes in aggregate inequality. They do find a strong positive relationship between growth and reduction of poverty.

A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality

This article presents a new data set on inequality in the distribution of income. The authors explain the criteria they applied in selecting data on Gini coefficients and on individual quintile groups' income shares. Comparison of the new data set with existing compilations reveals that the data assembled here represent an improvement in quality and a significant expansion in coverage, although differences in the definition of the underlying data might still affect inter temporal and international comparability. Based on this new data set, the authors do not find a systematic link between growth and changes in aggregate inequality. They do find a strong positive relationship between growth and reduction of poverty.

/pdf/a-new-data-set-measuring-income-inequality-547mfhckz4.pdf

Excerpt] In this chapter, I set forth a framework for analysing how labour markets function under existing institutional arrangements and predicting how they would respond to alternative changes and policy interventions. I seek to blend logical rigour with institutional realism in a stylized way. My approach borrows from orthodox neoclassical analysis where relevant, and departs from those characterizations when the standard assumptions are empirically untenable.

Labour Institutions and Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework With Reference to Asia

Fil: Cruces, Guillermo Antonio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas. Departamento de Ciencias Economicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina

/pdf/the-growth-employment-poverty-nexus-in-latin-america-in-the-izhbnc6agc.pdf

The growth-employment-poverty nexus in Latin America in the 2000s: Peru Country Study

Excerpt] Developing country governments around the world, as well as the development agencies advising them, have become increasingly alarmed about the cost of social security systems and social safety net programs and economic inefficiencies resulting from these programs' operation. Taken together, both social security and safety net programs may be jointly referred to as "economic security programs". In this paper we identify the main sources of economic insecurity facing developing country populations, highlight the ways in which existing social safety net and social security programs meet (or fail to meet) these risks, and draw out some high-priority reforms required to help such programs meet the challenges of the 1990s and beyond. Finally, we enumerate several steps that international agencies could take which would dramatically enhance the environment in which these reforms are carried out.

Reforming Social Security and Social Safety Net Programs in Developing Countries

Earnings mobility has been studied at both the macro level (the amount of mobility in an economy) and the micro level (the correlates of individuals income changes). While measurement error is recognized as potentially important at both these levels, very little is known about the degree to which earnings mobility estimates are a¤ected by measurement error. We compare micro and macro earnings mobility estimates for the U.S. during the 1990s using both survey-based earnings and administrative-based earnings. We nd that measurement error in survey-based earnings has little qualitative e¤ect on mobility estimates, but often has a large quantitative e¤ect. 1This document reports the results of research and analysis undertaken by the U.S. Census Bureau sta¤. It has undergone a Census Bureau review more limited in scope than that given to o¢ cial Census Bureau publications. This document is released to inform interested parties of ongoing research and to encourage discussion of work in progress. This research is a part of the U.S. Census Bureaus Longitudinal EmployerHousehold Dynamics Program (LEHD), which is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Grants SES-9978093 and SES-0427889 to Cornell University (Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research), the National Institute on Aging Grant R01~AG018854-02, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The views expressed on statistical and methodological issues are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau, its program sponsors or data providers. Some or all of the data used in this paper are condential data from the LEHD Program. The U.S. Census Bureau supports external researchers use of these data through the Research Data Centers (see www.ces.census.gov). For other questions regarding the data, please contact Jeremy S. Wu, Program Manager, U.S. Census Bureau, LEHD Program, Demographic Surveys Division, FOB 3, Room 2138, 4700 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20233, USA. (Jeremy.S.Wu@census.gov http://lehd.dsd.census.gov). We thank Peter Gottschalk, Erica Groshen, George Jakubson, and John Abowd for their helpful comments, as well as the members of the Cornell University Research Seminar on Labor Markets in Comparative Perspective and participants at the 2006 Society of Labor Economists annual meeting. 2 lmd49@cornell.edu, Cornell University. 3gsf2@cornell.edu, Cornell University.

Validating U.S. Earnings Mobility Measures

Excerpt] In the literature, much attention has been paid to a number of aspects of inequality including the distinction between relative and absolute inequality, axiomatization of inequality, the Lorenz criterion for inequality comparisons, properties of various inequality measures, and inequality decomposition. In no way do I wish to argue with the main results derived in these areas. Rather, my purpose here is to add to the theory of inequality measurement by dealing with one aspect of inequality which has been largely ignored by economists and by others. This is the question of how inequality changes in particular, whether it increases, decreases, or remains unchanged when income grows in specified ways. The balance of this chapter deals with two distinct conceptual entities, "inequality" and "inequality measures." The next section analyzes how "inequality" might be said to change under various types of economic growth and explores the foundations for alternative views. One approach in terms of "elitism of the rich" and "isolation of the poor" is then described. The following section looks into the behavior of "inequality measures" and the relationship between "inequality measures" and "inequality," and a final section draws some conclusions.

Gary S. Fields

Papers

Labour Institutions and Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework With Reference to Asia

The growth-employment-poverty nexus in Latin America in the 2000s: Peru Country Study

Reforming Social Security and Social Safety Net Programs in Developing Countries

Validating U.S. Earnings Mobility Measures

Do Inequality Measures Measure Inequality