So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Human biochemical genetics

Chem. Pharm. Bull.(オピニオン)

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/228275/D8E53094-D19C-4E63-8DDC-1A8732719703.pdf

Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations

Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans (Glycine max. L.) [Egypt].

Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients. Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenolic compounds, nitriles, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion. Here in this review, we highlight and discuss current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.

/pdf/microbial-enzymes-industrial-progress-in-21st-century-452o5s7dqu.pdf

Microbial enzymes: industrial progress in 21st century

Pectinases are the growing enzymes of biotechnological sector, showing gradual increase in their market. They hold a leading position among the commercially produced industrial enzymes. These enzymes are ecofriendly tool of nature that are being used extensively in various industries like wine industry; food industry; paper industry for bleaching of pulp and waste paper recycling; in the processing of fruit–vegetables, tea–coffee, animal feed; extraction of vegetable oil and scouring of plant fibres. Moreover, enzymatic catalysis is preferred over other chemical methods, since it is more specific, less aggressive and saves energy. This is the review which covers the information available on the applicability potential of this group of enzymes in various sectors.

/pdf/microbial-pectinases-an-ecofriendly-tool-of-nature-for-4da0kwqpbs.pdf

Microbial pectinases: an ecofriendly tool of nature for industries

Application of cellulase-free xylano-pectinolytic enzymes from the same bacterial isolate in biobleaching of kraft pulp.

Heart beats in the cloud: distributed analysis of electrophysiological ‘Big Data’ using cloud computing for epilepsy clinical research

Characterization of statistically produced xylanase for enrichment of fruit juice clarification process.

To address the ever increasing resistance of pathogens and need of safer preservatives for food products, herbs are being explored for antimicrobial properties. Methanolic extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) was analyzed for the presence of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and antibacterial potential. The extract, rich in flavonoids (9.325 ± 1.25 mg QE/g dry seeds) was subjected to HPLC analysis for identification and quantification of phenolics. Gallic acid (277.131μg), caffeic acid (166.062μg), ellagic acid (99.476μg), quercetin (781.986μg) and kaempferol (92.856μg)/g dry seeds were identified. Antibacterial activities ofmethanolic extract of dried fennel seeds were determined against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by determining cell damage, growth inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration. Fennel extract caused cell damage and effectively inhibited the growth of Bacillus pumilus and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration of fennel, determined by agar well diffusion method, was 8.33mg/ml for B. pumilus and S.aureus. The results suggest that methanolic extract of fennel containing polyphenols including gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, quarcetin and kaempferol has efficient antimicrobial activity against pathogenic gram positive bacteria understudy

/pdf/polyphenols-flavonoids-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-sr9mqkvm68.pdf

Gaurav Garg

Papers

Microbial pectinases: an ecofriendly tool of nature for industries

Application of cellulase-free xylano-pectinolytic enzymes from the same bacterial isolate in biobleaching of kraft pulp.

Heart beats in the cloud: distributed analysis of electrophysiological ‘Big Data’ using cloud computing for epilepsy clinical research

Characterization of statistically produced xylanase for enrichment of fruit juice clarification process.

Polyphenols, flavonoids and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller)