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Properties Of Concrete

Chemical vapour deposition of coatings

http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe2017112150815.pdf

One-part alkali-activated materials : a review

Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Beyond the McWhirter criterion

The current utilization rate of steel slag is only 22% in china, far behind the developed countries. At present, the amount of slag deposited in storage yard adds up to 30Mt, leading to the occupation of farm land and serious pollution to the environment. Improving the slag utilization is an important way to resolve these problems. The physical and chemical characteristics of steel slag were analyzed and then the research progress of steel slag utilization at home and abroad as recycled raw material in steel enterprise interior, aggregate of road and hydraulic construction, cement additive and concrete admixture, materials for waste water or gas treatment, construction materials and fertilizer in agriculture production were introduced respectively. At last, the important routes and critical problems for large-scale utilization of steel slag were proposed.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/946548.pdf

An Overview of Utilization of Steel Slag

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an important technique for surface modification of powders through either grafting or deposition of films and coatings. The efficiency of this complex process primarily depends on appropriate contact between the reactive gas phase and the solid particles to be treated. Based on this requirement, the first part of this review focuses on the ways to ensure such contact and particularly on the formation of fluidized beds. Combination of constraints due to both fluidization and chemical vapor deposition leads to the definition of different types of reactors as an alternative to classical fluidized beds, such as spouted beds, circulating beds operating in turbulent and fast-transport regimes or vibro-fluidized beds. They operate under thermal but also plasma activation of the reactive gas and their design mainly depends on the type of powders to be treated. Modeling of both reactors and operating conditions is a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing these complex processes and materials. In the second part of the review, the state of the art on materials produced by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition is presented. Beyond pioneering applications in the nuclear power industry, application domains, such as heterogeneous catalysis, microelectronics, photovoltaics and protection against wear, oxidation and heat are potentially concerned by processes involving chemical vapor deposition on powders. Moreover, simple and reduced cost FBCVD processes where the material to coat is immersed in the FB, allow the production of coatings for metals with different wear, oxidation and corrosion resistance. Finally, large-scale production of advanced nanomaterials is a promising area for the future extension and development of this technique.

https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/649/1/Vahlas_649.pdf

Principles and applications of CVD powder technology

Utilisation of Bayer's process bauxite residue, BR, aka red mud, takes place in a very small fraction worldwide, most probably

Bauxite residue in cement and cementitious applications: Current status and a possible way forward

Synthesis of inorganic polymers using fly ash and primary lead slag

The feasibility of Al deposition on Mg and Mg-alloys by means of Fluidized Bed CVD (FBCVD) or Pack Bed CVD (PBCVD) processes is evaluated by means of thermochemical computations and experimentation. For the thermodynamic analysis, a closed system consisting of Al2O3 as filler, Al as donor, halide or halide compound as process activator and Ar as inert gas was considered. Different activators were evaluated in the temperature range from 280 to 420 °C. Among them NH4Cl, and iodine are the best candidate compounds due to the relatively high partial pressures of the formed aluminium halides. The analysis indicates that the deposition of aluminium on magnesium takes place through a displacement reaction mechanism on the surface followed by limited inward diffusion of Al. Pack bed experiments have shown that by use of NH4Cl activator, aluminium is deposited locally. Iodine activator results in more even but porous coatings. The process is simple and promising for the formation of corrosion and wear resistant coatings on magnesium. However, in order to provide a long-term protection, the coating should be deposited under conditions that eliminate through-thickness pores. Further developments are required in order to achieve dense, pore-free coatings.

George N. Angelopoulos

Papers

Principles and applications of CVD powder technology

Bauxite residue in cement and cementitious applications: Current status and a possible way forward

Synthesis of inorganic polymers using fly ash and primary lead slag

Deposition of aluminium on magnesium by a CVD process

Utilization of ferroalumina as raw material in the production of Ordinary Portland Cement.