Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

We review the present state of polymer nanocomposites research in which the fillers are single-wall or multiwall carbon nanotubes. By way of background we provide a brief synopsis about carbon nanotube materials and their suspensions. We summarize and critique various nanotube/polymer composite fabrication methods including solution mixing, melt mixing, and in situ polymerization with a particular emphasis on evaluating the dispersion state of the nanotubes. We discuss mechanical, electrical, rheological, thermal, and flammability properties separately and how these physical properties depend on the size, aspect ratio, loading, dispersion state, and alignment of nanotubes within polymer nanocomposites. Finally, we summarize the current challenges to and opportunities for efficiently translating the extraordinary properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices in hopes of facilitating progress in this emerging area.

Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes

The boundary layer equations for plane, incompressible, and steady flow are 

$$\matrix{ {u{{\partial u} \over {\partial x}} + v{{\partial u} \over {\partial y}} = - {1 \over \varrho }{{\partial p} \over {\partial x}} + v{{{\partial ^2}u} \over {\partial {y^2}}},} \cr {0 = {{\partial p} \over {\partial y}},} \cr {{{\partial u} \over {\partial x}} + {{\partial v} \over {\partial y}} = 0.} \cr }$$

Boundary Layer Theory

Initial-value ordinary differential equation solution via variable order Adams method (SIVA/DIVA) package is collection of subroutines for solution of nonstiff ordinary differential equations. There are versions for single-precision and double-precision arithmetic. Requires fewer evaluations of derivatives than other variable-order Adams predictor/ corrector methods. Option for direct integration of second-order equations makes integration of trajectory problems significantly more efficient. Written in FORTRAN 77.

Solving Ordinary Differential Equations

Cerium dioxide (CeO2, ceria) is becoming an ubiquitous constituent in catalytic systems for a variety of applications. 2016 sees the 40th anniversary since ceria was first employed by Ford Motor Company as an oxygen storage component in car converters, to become in the years since its inception an irreplaceable component in three-way catalysts (TWCs). Apart from this well-established use, ceria is looming as a catalyst component for a wide range of catalytic applications. For some of these, such as fuel cells, CeO2-based materials have almost reached the market stage, while for some other catalytic reactions, such as reforming processes, photocatalysis, water-gas shift reaction, thermochemical water splitting, and organic reactions, ceria is emerging as a unique material, holding great promise for future market breakthroughs. While much knowledge about the fundamental characteristics of CeO2-based materials has already been acquired, new characterization techniques and powerful theoretical methods are dee...

Fundamentals and Catalytic Applications of CeO2-Based Materials

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Development of Mixed Metal Oxides for Thermochemical Hy- drogen Production from Solar Water-splitting

Production of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes by the solar energy route

Monitoring of melting and solid state phase transformation induced by pulsed laser action on pure zirconium

Selective Surfaces for Solar Thermal Energy Conversion in CSP: From Multilayers to Nanocomposites

An inductively coupled plasma spectrometer was used with a laboratory fluidized-bed reactor and adapted to continuously measure the heavy metal concentrations in exhaust gases. The system is devoted to the thermal treatment of metal-spiked model wastes; on-line analyses were performed to study heavy metal release. This method was used to study the kinetics of heavy metal vaporization from pure mineral and pure organic matrices to determine the roles of temperature, residence time, gas and matrix composition, and initial metal speciation. Then, a more complex metal-spiked matrix, derived from real waste, was burned to simulate metal release during municipal solid-waste incineration. Three metals were considered: Cd, Pb, and Zn. In all cases, the experimental setup was successfully used to monitor the metal evaporation process during fluidized-bed incineration.

Gilles Flamant

Papers

Development of Mixed Metal Oxides for Thermochemical Hy- drogen Production from Solar Water-splitting

Production of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes by the solar energy route

Monitoring of melting and solid state phase transformation induced by pulsed laser action on pure zirconium

Selective Surfaces for Solar Thermal Energy Conversion in CSP: From Multilayers to Nanocomposites

On-line heavy metal analysis in the fumes from a laboratory fluid-bed incinerator