Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=covid19

SARS-CoV-2

Antioxidant enzymes form the first line of defense against free radicals in organisms. Their regulation depends mainly on the oxidant status of the cell, given that oxidants are their principal modulators. However, other factors have been reported to increase antioxidant enzyme activity and/or gene expression. During the last decade, the antioxidant melatonin has been shown to possess genomic actions, regulating the expression of several genes. Melatonin also influences both antioxidant enzyme activity and cellular mRNA levels for these enzymes. In the present report, we review the studies which document the influence of melatonin on the activity and expression of the antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutases and catalase both under physiological and under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. We also analyze the possible mechanisms by which melatonin regulates these enzymes.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x

Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin.

https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(15)53124-4/pdf

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms and renoprotective strategies

https://medicine-opera.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/cisplatin-nephrotoxicity.pdf

Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: A Review

Regarding the mechanisms of methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress (including depletion of glutathione) is likely. This investigation elucidates the role of free radicals in MTX-induced toxicity and the protection by melatonin. Wistar albino rats were injected with MTX intraperitoneally. Following a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg), either saline (MTX group) or melatonin (10 mg/kg, MTX + Mel group) was administered for 5 days. In other rats, physiologic saline (control group) or melatonin (10 mg/kg, Mel group) was injected for 5 days, following a single injection of saline. On the sixth day, rats were killed to obtain blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant, levels were evaluated in blood and tissue homogenates. Reactive oxygen metabolite-induced inflammatory changes in kidney and liver tissues were evaluated by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration. MTX administration resulted in increased MDA levels and MPO activity and decreased GSH levels in the blood, liver, and kidney whereas melatonin reversed these effects. When melatonin was administered alone, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were noted. In conclusion, the present study suggests that melatonin may be of therapeutic benefit when used with MTX.

Göksel Şener

Papers

Melatonin prevents methotrexate-induced hepatorenal oxidative injury in rats.

Synthesis of new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and preliminary evaluation of anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities.

Melatonin and N-acetylcysteine have beneficial effects during hepatic ischemia and reperfusion.

β-glucan ameliorates methotrexate-induced oxidative organ injury via its antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects

Taurine protects against methotrexate-induced toxicity and inhibits leukocyte death.