Showing papers by "Guleray Agar published in 2015"
TL;DR: Investigation of genome methylation induced by zinc stress by using coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) technique in maize seedlings found that increasing concentrations of zinc caused an increase in methylation patterns and decrease in gibberellic acid, zeatin, and indole acetic acid levels in contrast to abscisic acid level.
Abstract: Conditions of environmental stress are known to lead genetic and epigenetic variability in plants. DNA methylation is one of the important epigenetic mechanisms and plays a critical role in epigenetic control of gene expression. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the alteration of genome methylation induced by zinc stress by using coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) technique in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. In addition, to determine the effect of zinc on mitotic activity and phytohormone level, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mitotic index analysis were utilized. According to the results, mitotic index decreased in all concentrations of zinc except for 5 mM dose and chromosome aberrations such as c-mitosis, stickiness, and anaphase bridges were determined. It was also observed that increasing concentrations of zinc caused an increase in methylation patterns and decrease in gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin (ZA), and indole acetic acid (IAA) levels in contrast to abscisic acid (ABA) level. Especially increasing of ABA levels under zinc stress may be a part of the defense system against heavy metal accumulation in plants.
41 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results revealed that the essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta have significant antibacterial activity and are valuable for future investigations focusing on the alternative natural compounds to control plant diseases.
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to determine chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Satureja hortensis and Calamintha nepeta against to 20 phytopathogenic bacteria causing serious crop loss. The essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta were isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils were evaluated against 20 phytopathogenic bacteria through Disc diffusion assay and micro dilution assay. The results revealed that the essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta have significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the findings of the study are valuable for future investigations focusing on the alternative natural compounds to control plant diseases.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this study, the most commonly used herbicide, glyphosate, was investigated for its genotoxic effects on the genome of Triticum aestivum and methylation was found.
Abstract: In this study, the most commonly used herbicide, glyphosate, was investigated for its genotoxic effects on the genome of Triticum aestivum. Five different concentrations of the herbicide were used, and alterations to DNA were measured quantitatively based on their RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) profiles. The genomic template stability (GTS%) at each concentration was evaluated, and a decrease was observed with increasing glyphosate concentration. Thus the highest concentration was concluded to be the most effective for causing alteration to DNA. Additionally, the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) technique was used to determine an epigenetic mechanism, e.g. DNA methylation. The polymorphic percentages of all concentration were calculated after herbicide applications. When in glyphosate doses compared with control group, all applications of glyphosate observed to consist of methylation. The methylation levels range from 28.3 to 73.9 % (DNA hypermethylation). In conclusion, based on the RAPD and CRED-RA results, glyphosate causes DNA alterations and methylation.
30 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that putrescine could effectively inhibit salt-induced LTR retrotransposon polymorphisms, and putres cine positively contributed to salt stress tolerance.
Abstract: This study aimed to research the impact of putrescine against the long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon polymorphisms (Nikita-E2647, Sukkula, Stowaway, WLTR2105 and 5′LTR) induced by salinity stress in Triticum aestivum using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) assay. The results showed that the LTR retrotransposon polymorphisms can be induced by all treated sodium chloride (NaCl) doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl). On the other hand, the LTR retrotransposons polymorphisms were decreased effectively by treatment with putrescine (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) together with NaCl. These results suggest that putrescine could effectively inhibit salt-induced LTR retrotransposon polymorphisms, and putrescine positively contributed to salt stress tolerance.
20 citations
TL;DR: The results of this experiment have clearly shown that UAE and UFE have strong antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects that are associated with its antioxidant nature.
Abstract: For ages, lichens have long been investigated popularly for biological roles, mainly antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Many positive results were obtained in these previous research. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine whether extracts of Usnea articulata (UAE) and Usnea filipendula (UFE) possessing a protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage. The results of our studies showed that 5 μM concentrations of AFB1 increased the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, when 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations of UAE and UFE was added to AFB1, the frequencies of SCE and MDA level were decreased and SOD, GSH and GPx level were increased. The Ames (Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537) and WP2 (Escherichia coli) test systems carried out evinced that UAE and UFE possess any mutagenicity, but ...
15 citations
TL;DR: This is the first report indicating the antigenotoxic activities of MEP against several mutagen agents such as N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, acridin and aflatoxin.
Abstract: In this article, the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of methanol extract of Evernia prunastri (Huds.) Willd. (MEP) were studied using WP2, Ames (TA1535 and TA1537) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test systems. The results obtained from bacterial test systems demonstrated that MEP has strong antimutagenic potencies on TA1537 and WP2 strains. The highest inhibition rates for MEP on TA1537 and WP2 strains were 37.70% and 69.70%, respectively. According to the SCE test system, MEP reduced the genotoxic effects of aflatoxin. In order to clarify the mechanism underlying the antigenotoxic effects of MEP, the antioxidants were determined. Cotreatments of 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations of MEP with aflatoxin B1 decreased the frequencies of SCE and the malondialdehyde level and increased amount of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase which were decreased by aflatoxin. The data obtained from this work have clearly shown that MEP has significant antigenotoxic effects which are though...
15 citations
TL;DR: The results of this experiment have clearly shown that arsenic has epigenetic effect as well as its genotoxic effect and the increasing of polymorphism of some LTR retrotransposon under arsenic stress may be a part of the defense system against the stress.
Abstract: Arsenic is a well-known toxic substance on the living organisms. However, limited efforts have been made to study its DNA methylation, genomic instability, and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon polymorphism causing properties in different crops. In the present study, effects of As2O3 (arsenic trioxide) on LTR retrotransposon polymorphism and DNA methylation as well as DNA damage in Zea mays seedlings were investigated. The results showed that all of arsenic doses caused a decreasing genomic template stability (GTS) and an increasing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) profile changes (DNA damage). In addition, increasing DNA methylation and LTR retrotransposon polymorphism characterized a model to explain the epigenetically changes in the gene expression were also found. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that arsenic has epigenetic effect as well as its genotoxic effect. Especially, the increasing of polymorphism of some LTR retrotransposon under arsenic stress may be a part of the defense system against the stress.
13 citations
TL;DR: The obtained results revealed that the total soluble protein levels and RAPD profiles were performed as endpoints of genotoxicity and these analyses can offer useful biomarker assays for the evaluation ofgenotoxic effects on Zn and B polluted plants.
Abstract: In this research, we aimed to determine genotoxic effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on Zea mays by using total soluble protein content and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. For the RAPD analysis, 16 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band profiles on treated maize seedlings. With increased Zn and B concentrations, increased polymorphism rate was observed, while genomic template stability and total soluble protein content decreased. The treatment with Zn was more effective than that of B groups on the levels of total proteins. The obtained results from this study revealed that the total soluble protein levels and RAPD profiles were performed as endpoints of genotoxicity and these analyses can offer useful biomarker assays for the evaluation of genotoxic effects on Zn and B polluted plants.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts of the lichens were determined by the bacterial reverse mutation and sister chromatid exchange assays.
Abstract: Now-a-days, there is a big need to reduce genotoxic effects of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in environment, which are increased by the technological development. Lichens produce a wide variety of unique metabolites due to being in various extreme areas and being symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae. Therefore, this study was planned to search new sources having antimutagenic activity by researching two different lichen species and to determine whether their usage is safe. With this respect, the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts of the lichens were determined by the bacterial reverse mutation and sister chromatid exchange assays. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities against aflatoxin B1 were determined for understanding the ways in which the lichens showed their genotoxic properties.
11 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that all concentrations of methanol extracts of root, stem and leaf of L. draba inhibited germination, radicle and plumule elongation when compared with the respective controls and the degree of inhibition was increased in concert with increasing concentrations of extracts used.
Abstract: Laboratory experiments were performed to determine phytotoxic potentials of white top (Lepidium draba) methanol extracts (root, stem and leaf) on germination and early growth of corn (Zea mays) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Furthermore, the effects of different methanol extracts of L. draba on the phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin) levels of corn and redroot pigweed were investigated. It was observed that all concentrations of methanol extracts of root, stem and leaf of L. draba inhibited germination, radicle and plumule elongation when compared with the respective controls. Besides this, the degree of inhibition was increased in concert with increasing concentrations of extracts used. On the other hand, phytohormone levels changed with the application of different extract concentrations. Comparing with the control, the GA levels significantly decreased while the ABA levels increased in all the application groups. Zeatin and IAA levels showed changes depending upon the applied extracts and concentrations.
10 citations
TL;DR: The present study is focused on evaluating the antimutagenic properties of Schiff bases and Mn(III) complexes with L-Threonine, L-Serine and L-Tyrosine, which have antimicrobial activity, and the protective role of these compounds against AFBı-induced MN.
Abstract: The present study is focused on evaluating the antimutagenic properties of Schiff bases and Mn(III) complexes with L-Threonine, L-Serine and L-Tyrosine, which have antimicrobial activity. These six compounds were investigated for antimutagenic properties against Aflatoxin Bi (AFBi) by the micronucleus (MN) assay in a human lymphocyte cell culture in vitro. The protective role of these compounds against AFBi-induced MN is probably related to its doses. A mechanism has been proposed to reduce the effect of AFBi.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Investigating interspecific variations of apple genotypes using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and RAPD (Randomly amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique will be helpful in using and exploiting the wild genetic material for breeding purposes as well as for further research.
Abstract: In this study, we investigated interspecific variations of apple genotypes using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and RAPD (Randomly amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. Total 19 genotypes of wild grown local varieties were collected from Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey and have been studied for the analysis of ISSR and RAPD profile to examine their relationship. From total 53 RAPD and ISSR primer investigated, 28 could amplify clearly and consistently. All bands obtained from ISSR and RAPDs primer were polymorphic. The dendrogram realized from the RAPD and ISSR markers grouped the 19 genotypes into two major clusters. Cluster I comprised ‘Bey Apple’, ‘Fatty Apple’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Yellow Belly Apple’, ‘Bride Apple’, ‘Green Belly Apple’, ‘Summer Apple’, ‘Yomra Apple’, ‘Tavsanbasi’, ‘Black Belly Apple’, ‘Chest Apple’, ‘Local Marble’, ‘English Apple’, ‘Willow Apple’, ‘Arabian Girl’, ‘Yellow Hidir’ and cluster II contained ‘Starking Delicious’, ‘Mahsusa’, ‘Amasya Marble’. Genetic diversity data from this study will be helpful in using and exploiting the wild genetic material for breeding purposes as well as for further research.
TL;DR: It is shown that the increase in abscisic acid levels and DNA methylation depend on the concentrations of Co and Ni, and that the latter causes a decrease in mitotic index and an attenuation in the growth-promoting hormones.
Abstract: Changes in DNA methylation in Zea mays plantlets in response to cobalt and nickel (5, 10, 20, and 40 mmol L−1) evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification technique revealed dose-related increases in hypermethylation. The effects on mitotic index and phytohormone levels were also determined. Co and Ni caused a decrease in mitotic index and an attenuation in the growth-promoting hormones gibberellic acid, zeatin, and indole acetic acid, while abscisic acid levels rose. These findings have shown that the increase in abscisic acid levels and DNA methylation depend on the concentrations of Co and Ni.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to determine genetic distance between some wheat varieties based on RAPD and ISSR analyses, and Yunus and Altay-2000, Nacibey and Sultan-95, Harmankaya and Soyer were found to be close related varieties, whereas distant-related varieties were Alpu-01 and NACibey.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine genetic distance between some wheat varieties based on RAPD and ISSR analyses. The number of amplified bands of genotypes in the primers ranged 3-10 in RAPD and 6-12 in ISSR. The most polymorphic bands in primer/primer combinations were obtained from OPBA-03, OPL-15 and OPY-13 in RAPD, from UBC810 in ISSR. Varieties were classified about in three groups based on the dendogram results. Yunus and Altay-2000, Nacibey and Sultan-95, Harmankaya and Soyer were found to be close related varieties, whereas distant-related varieties were Alpu-01 and Nacibey. RAPD and ISSR are efficiently used to evaluate genetic variation, to determine genetic diversities and improvement and development of novel varieties.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts of the lichens were determined by the bacterial reverse mutation and sister chromatid exchange assays and the malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutATHione peroxidase activities against aflatoxin B1 were determined for understanding the ways in which the Lichens showed their genotoxic properties.
Abstract: Now-a-days, there is a big need to reduce genotoxic effects of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in environment, which are increased by the technological development. Lichens produce a wide variety of unique metabolites due to being in various extreme areas and being symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae. Therefore, this study was planned to search new sources having antimutagenic activity by researching two different lichen species and to determine whether their usage is safe. With this respect, the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts of the lichens were determined by the bacterial reverse mutation and sister chromatid exchange assays. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities against aflatoxin B1 were determined for understanding the ways in which the lichens showed their genotoxic properties.