Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by the increasing population growth and inherent food demand. It have been reported in several studies that counterbalancing toxicity, due to heavy metal requires complex mechanisms at molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular, tissue and whole plant level, which might manifest in terms of improved crop productivity. Recent advances in various disciplines of biological sciences such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics etc. have assisted in the characterization of metabolites, transcription factors, stress-inducible proteins involved in heavy metal tolerance, which in turn can be utilized for generating heavy metal tolerant crops. This review summarizes various tolerance strategies of plants under heavy metal toxicity, covering the role of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) as well as the role of plant hormones. We also provide a glance at strategies adopted by metal accumulating plants also known as “metallophytes”.

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Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics.

Inhibitory effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes

Plants are the target of a wide range of pollutants that vary in concentration, speciation, and toxicity. Such pollutants mainly enter the plant system through the soil (Arshad et al. 2008) or via the atmosphere (Uzu et al. 2010). Among common pollutants that affect plants, lead is among the most toxic and frequently encountered (Cecchi et al. 2008; Grover et al. 2010; Shahid et al. 2011). Lead continues to be used widely in many industrial processes and occurs as a contaminant in all environmental compartments (soils, water, the atmosphere, and living organisms). The prominence of environmental lead contamination results both from its persistence (Islam et al. 2008; Andra et al. 2009; Punamiya et al. 2010) and from its present and past numerous sources. These sources have included smelting, combustion of leaded gasoline, or applications of lead-contaminated media (sewage sludge and fertilizers) to land (Piotrowska et al. 2009; Gupta et al. 2009; Sammut et al. 2010; Grover et al. 2010). In 2009, production of recoverable lead from mining operations was 1690, 516, and 400 thousand metric tons by China, Australia, and the USA, respectively (USGS 2009).

/pdf/lead-uptake-toxicity-and-detoxification-in-plants-2wo7vvqj82.pdf

Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants

Auxin effects on somaclonal variation and plant regeneration from mature embryo of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Nowadays, the widespread use of boron with technological developments has become an environmental problem for all organisms including plants to human and requires urgent precautions. Furthermore, boric acid is used as an insecticide, notably against ants, fleas, and cockroaches. Boric acid is more toxic to insects than to mammals. Therefore, boron toxicity was investigated. DNA methylation is one of the mechanisms that affect the expression of gene. The present study was aim to observe epigenetical changes of boron on maize species. The assays five boron concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40mM) were used. CRED-RA (Coupled Restriction Enzyme Digestion-Random Amplification) was used as a molecular marker to examine epigenetic changes in the experimental groups. The method gave qualitative data about DNA methylation caused by boron. In this study, the polymorphic percentage of each concentration was calculated. Consequently, it was revealed that four concentrations of boron caused DNA methylation.

Epigenetic Effects of Boron (b) Pollution on Zea mays (l.) Seedlings

In this study, we determined the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of diffractaic acid by measuring the gene expression changes of topo II α, caspase-3 and p53 on A549 and AGS cancer cells. Real time PCR assay was used to measure the change folds. It was determined that concentrations of 12,5, 50 and 100 µg / ml were antiproliferative and apoptotic for the A549 cancer cell line and 50 µg / ml for the AGS cell line.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of diffractaic acid in A549 and AGS cancer cells

Determination of genetic relationships among some cherry laurel Laurocerasus officinalis Roem genotypes by using RAPD markers

Four lichen secondary metabolites; diffractaic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid were evaluated for the anti-genotoxic effects on human lymphocytes in vitro using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or comet assay. Carbon tetrachloride, a known mutagenic agent was used as the positive control in the comet test system. The results revealed that at all concentrations, the tested compounds mediated a significant decrease in total DNA damage (comet assay) as compared with positive controls (p > 0.05). The most effective doses of lichen acids were found to be 100 μgmL-1 of diffractic acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid, and 50 μgmL-1 of lecanoric acid. In addition, it was determined that the most effective among the tested compounds was vulpinic acid.

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Guleray Agar

Papers

Auxin effects on somaclonal variation and plant regeneration from mature embryo of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Epigenetic Effects of Boron (b) Pollution on Zea mays (l.) Seedlings

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of diffractaic acid in A549 and AGS cancer cells

Determination of genetic relationships among some cherry laurel Laurocerasus officinalis Roem genotypes by using RAPD markers

The anti-genotoxic effect of some lichenic acids