Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by the increasing population growth and inherent food demand. It have been reported in several studies that counterbalancing toxicity, due to heavy metal requires complex mechanisms at molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular, tissue and whole plant level, which might manifest in terms of improved crop productivity. Recent advances in various disciplines of biological sciences such as metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics etc. have assisted in the characterization of metabolites, transcription factors, stress-inducible proteins involved in heavy metal tolerance, which in turn can be utilized for generating heavy metal tolerant crops. This review summarizes various tolerance strategies of plants under heavy metal toxicity, covering the role of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) as well as the role of plant hormones. We also provide a glance at strategies adopted by metal accumulating plants also known as “metallophytes”.

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Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics.

Inhibitory effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of four pathogenic bacteria: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes

Plants are the target of a wide range of pollutants that vary in concentration, speciation, and toxicity. Such pollutants mainly enter the plant system through the soil (Arshad et al. 2008) or via the atmosphere (Uzu et al. 2010). Among common pollutants that affect plants, lead is among the most toxic and frequently encountered (Cecchi et al. 2008; Grover et al. 2010; Shahid et al. 2011). Lead continues to be used widely in many industrial processes and occurs as a contaminant in all environmental compartments (soils, water, the atmosphere, and living organisms). The prominence of environmental lead contamination results both from its persistence (Islam et al. 2008; Andra et al. 2009; Punamiya et al. 2010) and from its present and past numerous sources. These sources have included smelting, combustion of leaded gasoline, or applications of lead-contaminated media (sewage sludge and fertilizers) to land (Piotrowska et al. 2009; Gupta et al. 2009; Sammut et al. 2010; Grover et al. 2010). In 2009, production of recoverable lead from mining operations was 1690, 516, and 400 thousand metric tons by China, Australia, and the USA, respectively (USGS 2009).

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Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants

Genetic variation and structure of six natural populations of Lepidium draba L. from Eastern Anatolia were assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. For RAPD analysis, 12 primers generated 218 reproducible bands across the six populations analyzed, of which 73 bands (33.3%) were polymorphic. The mean Nei’s gene diversity value for all six populations was 0.1771. Shannon’s information index varied with population (0.2278–0.3082), averaging 0.2608. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic diversity was greater within populations (58.66%) than among populations (30.68%). In addition, the variation between groups was 10.33%. The genetic differentiation among populations (G
 ST) was 0.3210, indicating that most genetic diversity occurs within populations. Gene flow (Nm) was low, at only 0.5288.

Genetic diversity within and among Lepidium draba populations from Eastern Anatolia based on RAPD analysis.

The objective of this study was to determine genetic distance between some wheat varieties based on RAPD and ISSR analyses. The number of amplified bands of genotypes in the primers ranged 3-10 in RAPD and 6-12 in ISSR. The most polymorphic bands in primer/primer combinations were obtained from OPBA-03, OPL-15 and OPY-13 in RAPD, from UBC810 in ISSR. Varieties were classified about in three groups based on the dendogram results. Yunus and Altay-2000, Nacibey and Sultan-95, Harmankaya and Soyer were found to be close related varieties, whereas distant-related varieties were Alpu-01 and Nacibey. RAPD and ISSR are efficiently used to evaluate genetic variation, to determine genetic diversities and improvement and development of novel varieties.

Identıfıcatıon of Genetic Divergence in Some Bread Wheat Varieties By Rapd And Issr Analyses

Now-a-days, there is a big need to reduce genotoxic effects of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in environment, which are increased by the technological development. Lichens produce a wide variety of unique metabolites due to being in various extreme areas and being symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae. Therefore, this study was planned to search new sources having antimutagenic activity by researching two different lichen species and to determine whether their usage is safe. With this respect, the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts of the lichens were determined by the bacterial reverse mutation and sister chromatid exchange assays. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities against aflatoxin B1 were determined for understanding the ways in which the lichens showed their genotoxic properties.

Nardemir et.al.Genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts obtained from Peltigera horizontalis and Peltigera praetextata

Determination of chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil of Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia against phytopathogenic bacteria

The world suffers with the agricultural drought stress which leading to decreasing crop production, and also adversely affecting cereals on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. However, exogenous treatment of some osmotically active materials like putrescine has been regarded as a good preventive against these harmful effects of drought. But there is a lack of information on putrescine has any effects on DNA damage and DNA methylation in crops. The current study was goal to determine DNA damage levels and DNA methylation changes in Triticum aestivum cv. Karasu 90 subjected to different concentrations of drought (-2, -4, -6 bar PEG) and whether putrescine (0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) has any ameliorative effect on these changes is determined with RAPDs and CRED-RAs tecniques. In addition, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) values were investigated based on drought and putrescine treatments. The findings showed that drought stress caused DNA damage and DNA methylation changes. However, these effects decreased after putrescine treatments. Putrescine has been shown to decrease oxidative damage caused by drought via increasing antioxidant status in drought stress. According to results, it was concluded that putrescine could be preferred for its force to protect wheat DNA from the damaging effects of drought and the demethylation positively contributed to drought stress tolerance.

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Guleray Agar

Papers

Genetic diversity within and among Lepidium draba populations from Eastern Anatolia based on RAPD analysis.

Identıfıcatıon of Genetic Divergence in Some Bread Wheat Varieties By Rapd And Issr Analyses

Nardemir et.al.Genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts obtained from Peltigera horizontalis and Peltigera praetextata

Determination of chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil of Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia against phytopathogenic bacteria

Putrescine as a protective molecule on dna damage and dna methylation changes in wheat under drought