Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

Preface. 1. Introduction and Overview. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Compact Microstrip Antennas. 1.3 Compact Broadband Microstrip Antennas. 1.4 Compact Dual-Frequency Microstrip Antennas. 1.5 Compact Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 1.6 Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 1.7 Compact Microstrip Antennas with Enhanced Gain. 1.8 Broadband Microstrip Antennas. 1.9 Broadband Dual-Frequency and Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 1.10 Broadband and Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 2. Compact Microstrip Antennas. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Use of a Shorted Patch with a Thin Dielectric Substrate. 2.3 Use of a Meandered Patch. 2.4 Use of a Meandered Ground Plane. 2.5 Use of a Planar Inverted-L Patch. 2.6 Use of an Inverted U-Shaped or Folded Patch. 3. Compact Broadband Microstrip Antennas. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Use of a Shorted Patch with a Thick Air Substrate. 3.3 Use of Stacked Shorted Patches. 3.4 Use of Chip-Resistor and Chip-Capacitor Loading Technique. 3.5 Use of a Slot-Loading Technique. 3.6 Use of a Slotted Ground Plane. 4. Compact Dual-Frequency and Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Some Recent Advances in Regular-Size Dual-Frequency Designs. 4.3 Compact Dual-Frequency Operation with Same Polarization Planes. 4.4 Compact Dual-Frequency Operation. 4.5 Dual-Band or Triple-Band PIFA. 4.6 Compact Dual-Polarized Designs. 5. Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Designs with a Cross-Slot of Unequal Arm Lengths. 5.3 Designs with a Y-Shaped Slot of Unequal Arm Lengths. 5.4 Designs with Slits. 5.5 Designs with Spur Lines. 5.6 Designs with Truncated Corners. 5.7 Designs with Peripheral Cuts. 5.8 Designs with a Tuning Stub. 5.9 Designs with a Bent Tuning Stub. 5.10 Compact CP Designs with an Inset Microstrip-Line Feed. 6. Compact Microstrip Antennas with Enhanced Gain. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Compact Microstrip Antennas with High-Permittivity Superstrate. 6.3 Compact Microstrip Antennas with Active Circuitry. 7. Broadband Microstrip Antennas. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Use of Additional Microstrip Resonators. 7.3 Microstrip Antennas with an Air Substrate. 7.4 Broadband Slot-Loaded Microstrip Antennas. 7.5 Broadband Microstrip Antennas with an Integrated Reactive Loading. 7.6 Broadband Microstrip Antennas with Reduced Cross-Polarization Radiation. 8. Broadband Dual-Frequency and Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Broadband Dual-Frequency Microstrip Antennas. 8.3 Broadband Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 9. Broadband and Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Broadband Single-Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 9.3 Broadband Two-Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 9.4 Broadband Four-Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. 9.5 Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas. Index.

Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas

Differential Evolution (DE) is arguably one of the most powerful and versatile evolutionary optimizers for the continuous parameter spaces in recent times. Almost 5 years have passed since the first comprehensive survey article was published on DE by Das and Suganthan in 2011. Several developments have been reported on various aspects of the algorithm in these 5 years and the research on and with DE have now reached an impressive state. Considering the huge progress of research with DE and its applications in diverse domains of science and technology, we find that it is a high time to provide a critical review of the latest literatures published and also to point out some important future avenues of research. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and organize the information on these current developments on DE. Beginning with a comprehensive foundation of the basic DE family of algorithms, we proceed through the recent proposals on parameter adaptation of DE, DE-based single-objective global optimizers, DE adopted for various optimization scenarios including constrained, large-scale, multi-objective, multi-modal and dynamic optimization, hybridization of DE with other optimizers, and also the multi-faceted literature on applications of DE. The paper also presents a dozen of interesting open problems and future research issues on DE.

Recent advances in differential evolution – An updated survey

“Exploration and exploitation are the two cornerstones of problem solving by search.” For more than a decade, Eiben and Schippers' advocacy for balancing between these two antagonistic cornerstones still greatly influences the research directions of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) [1998]. This article revisits nearly 100 existing works and surveys how such works have answered the advocacy. The article introduces a fresh treatment that classifies and discusses existing work within three rational aspects: (1) what and how EA components contribute to exploration and exploitation; (2) when and how exploration and exploitation are controlled; and (3) how balance between exploration and exploitation is achieved. With a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of exploration and exploitation, more research in this direction may be motivated and refined.

Exploration and exploitation in evolutionary algorithms: A survey

Every search algorithm needs to address the exploration and exploitation of a search space. Exploration is the process of visiting entirely new regions of a search space, whilst exploitation is the process of visiting those regions of a search space within the neighborhood of previously visited points. In order to be successful a search algorithm needs to establish a good ratio between exploration and exploitation. In this respect Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) [De Jong 2002; Eiben and Smith 2008], such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) [Michalewicz 1996; Goldberg 2008], Evolutionary Strategies (ES) [Back 1996], Evolutionary Programming (EP) [Fogel 1999], and Genetic Programming (GP) [Koza 1992], to name the more well-known instances, are no exception. Herrera and Lozano [1996] emphasized this by saying “The genetic algorithm behaviour is determined by the exploitation and exploration relationship kept throughout the run.” Many researchers believe that EAs are effective because of their good ratio between exploration and exploitation. Michalewicz [1996] stated that “Genetic Algorithms are a

A Exploration and Exploitation in Evolutionary Algorithms: A Survey

An effective memetic differential evolution algorithm based on chaotic local search

This paper reports on experimental results of radio propagation in two underground coal mines. Measurements were performed at 900 MHz on horizontal and vertical polarization in typical coal mine operational zones. Values of propagation loss in dB/100 m are derived. Additional losses due to coal mine curvatures and common coal mining equipment obstructions are also presented. A hybrid tunnel propagation model consisting of the free space propagation model and the modified waveguide propagation model is used to explain some measurement results. Based on these results, we believe that microcellular radio communications systems are feasible in coal mines.

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Radio propagation at 900 MHz in underground coal mines

An intra-chip wireless interconnect system using on-chip antennas and ultrawideband (UWB) radios that operates in 22-29 GHz is studied in this paper. The on-chip antennas are meander monopoles of axial length 1 mm in silicon technology. A unique wireless channel is formed between a pair of on-chip transmit and receive antennas. The channel is characterized up to an interconnect distance of 40 mm. The system performance is evaluated in terms of bit-error-rate (BER) under the assumptions of perfect system synchronization and signal corruption from thermal and switching noises. As expected, the system performance degrades with interconnect distance and data rate. It achieves a better BER on the 5-k?.cm Si substrate than that on the 10-?.cm Si substrate.

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Performance of Intra-Chip Wireless Interconnect Using On-Chip Antennas and UWB Radios

Orthogonal Hermite pulse shapes used for ultra wideband communication are proposed. The paper suggests that M-ary biorthogonal modulation based on orthogonal Hermite pulse shapes can be used to construct M-ary communication system with higher bit rate. The paper analyses the frequency response of orthogonal Hermite pulses whose regular width meet the FCC standard. A receiver detection of the M-ary biorthogonal system is constructed. Timing jitter has effect on performance of system, which limits the order of Hermite pulse.

Orthogonal Hermite pulses used for UWB M-ary communication

The application prospect of terahertz (THz) has been vastly enriched because it has the advantages of good penetrating power, high security, accurate directionality, and high bandwidth. Moreover, it is found that the atmospheric instability which is caused by fluctuating temperature and humidity has a great influence on THz communication. Therefore, in this paper, we mainly study the atmospheric conditions, focusing on the impact of atmospheric turbulence on THz communication under consideration of inland areas. Initially, we deduce the variances of fluctuating amplitude and fluctuating phase. And afterward, the quantitative analysis is presented for the overall effects of turbulence on THz wave, which offers the standard deviation of the fluctuating waves. The theoretical model reasonably explains the phenomena of signal fluctuations caused by the turbulence, and these fluctuations increase with the increment in the distance discovered by D. Grischkowsky. At last, we consider the atmospheric turbulence as a specific type of additive noise to study the influence on THz communication and to predict the upper limit of bandwidth efficiency influenced by turbulence in different atmospheric conditions.

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Guoxin Zheng

Papers

An effective memetic differential evolution algorithm based on chaotic local search

Radio propagation at 900 MHz in underground coal mines

Performance of Intra-Chip Wireless Interconnect Using On-Chip Antennas and UWB Radios

Orthogonal Hermite pulses used for UWB M-ary communication

The Impact of Atmospheric Turbulence on Terahertz Communication