Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

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Art of electronics

Complex phenomena in photonics, in particular, dynamical properties of semiconductor lasers due to delayed coupling, are reviewed. Although considered a nuisance for a long time, these phenomena now open interesting perspectives. Semiconductor laser systems represent excellent test beds for the study of nonlinear delay-coupled systems, which are of fundamental relevance in various areas. At the same time delay-coupled lasers provide opportunities for photonic applications. In this review an introduction into the properties of single and two delay-coupled lasers is followed by an extension to network motifs and small networks. A particular emphasis is put on emerging complex behavior, deterministic chaos, synchronization phenomena, and application of these properties that range from encrypted communication and fast random bit sequence generators to bioinspired information processing.

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Complex photonics: Dynamics and applications of delay-coupled semiconductors lasers

Laser Doppler Vibrometry: Development of advanced solutions answering to technology's needs

This tutorial reviews various noncontact optical sensing techniques that can be used to measure distances to objects, and related parameters such as displacements, surface profiles, velocities and vibrations. The techniques that are discussed and compared include intensity-based sensing, triangulation, time-of-flight sensing, confocal sensing, Doppler sensing, and various kinds of interferometric sensing with both high- and low-coherence sources.

Optical methods for distance and displacement measurements

A review of recent experimental and theoretical results concerning laser diode self-mixing velocimetry is presented, showing that this technique can be deployed to measure velocity and vibration of solid targets with an extremely simple optical setup. This technique reduces optical alignment problems and achieves results comparable to those obtained by the conventional laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) approach. It is demonstrated that the self-mixing signal can be processed to recover the target velocity and vibration by applying the same analysis method used for LDV. An optimal signal processing method is then proposed to recover the target velocity with good accuracy, also in the presence of relevant speckle disturbance. Application to the measurement of sub-micron vibrations is also demonstrated, using a self-mixing vibrometer instrument capable of 5-nm accuracy. As an example, the characterization of response and hysteresis of piezoceramic transducers (PZTs) is carried out. These results illustrate the effectiveness of the self-mixing technique in the field of laser velocimetry, opening the way to new applications where compactness and low cost of the measuring apparatus are essential.

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Self-mixing laser diode velocimetry: application to vibration and velocity measurement

A semiconductor laser subject to moderate optical feedback has been used to design an interferometric displacement sensor. The autoadaptative signal processing presented in this paper has been computed in order to improve the accuracy of such a sensor. This setup has been successfully tested for both harmonic and aleatory displacements of a remote piezoelectric actuator with a maximum accuracy of 40 nm

Displacement measurements using a self-mixing laser diode under moderate feedback

The spectral properties of a laser diode are modified when the optical beam is back-scattered into the active cavity of the laser. Based on the use of this optical feedback, the self-mixing effect has been demonstrated to be suitable for sensing applications. This is an emerging technique enabling notably displacement, distance and/or velocity measurements to be performed. However, the self-mixing signal shape is strongly modified by the strength of the back-scattering and by nonlinear phenomena governing the global behavior of the laser diode. This makes signal processing rather challenging. In this paper, a new high-level model is proposed to represent the self-mixing phenomenon and to simplify the solution of nonlinear equations involved in this problem. This model is represented by schematic block diagrams commonly used for the description of complex systems in the domains of nonlinear mechanics, telecommunications, sensors, actuators, etc. This approach will allow the use of powerful and standard simulation tools such as Spice, VHDL-AMS or MATLAB/Simulink to develop new methods for signal processing of optical feedback interferometers, notably in the case of displacements measurements.

Behavioral model of a self-mixing laser diode sensor

Acoustic emission pattern recognition approach based on Hilbert–Huang transform for structural health monitoring in polymer-composite materials

This chapter presents an overview of the self-mixing effect in lasers for sensing purposes. The basic theory of the self-mixing effect is presented for a weak feedback. The influence of a moderate and a strong feedback are then discussed before examining some specific cases:
• multiple optical feedback due to an asymmetric external
cavity
• multiple mode lasing by laser diode
• influence of the speckle effect on self-mixing interferometry
The main representative sensing applications are then presented and discussed including displacement, velocity, profile, vibration measurements and correlated applications
like measurements for medicine, sound reproduction, modal
analysis, angle measurements, 3-D vision or even massmarket
mobile telephones.

Guy Plantier

Papers

Self-mixing laser diode velocimetry: application to vibration and velocity measurement

Displacement measurements using a self-mixing laser diode under moderate feedback

Behavioral model of a self-mixing laser diode sensor

Acoustic emission pattern recognition approach based on Hilbert–Huang transform for structural health monitoring in polymer-composite materials

Optical Feedback Interferometry