6.1.2. Aqueous V(III) Chemistry 877 6.1.3. Oxidation State of Vanadium in Tunicates 878 6.1.4. Uptake of Vanadate into Tunicates 879 6.1.5. Vanadium Binding Proteins: Vanabins 879 6.1.6. Model Complexes and Their Chemistry 880 6.1.7. Catechol-Based Model Chemistry 880 6.1.8. Vanadium Sulfate Complexes 881 6.2. Fan Worm Pseudopotamilla occelata 883 7. Vanadium Nitrogenase 883 7.1. Nitrogenases 883 7.2. Biochemistry of Nitrogenase 884 7.3. Clusters in Nitrogenase and Model Systems: Structure and Reactivity 885

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The chemistry and biochemistry of vanadium and the biological activities exerted by vanadium compounds.

V. Structures and Physical Properties 2563 A. BMOV 2563 B. VPA and VO-MPA 2564 C. VCME 2564 D. V-P 2564 E. Naglivan 2564 F. VO-SALEN 2564 G. VO(met)2 2565 VI. Biological Considerations 2565 A. Animal Models for in Vivo Testing 2565 B. Evaluation of Potency by Glucose-Lowering 2565 VII. Peroxovanadates 2566 A. [VO(O2)2(L-L′)] 2566 B. [VO(O2)2(him)] 2567 C. [VO(O2)(H2O)2(L-L′)] 2567 VIII. V(III) Complexes 2567 IX. Vanadium as a Therapeutic Agent 2568 A. Human Trials 2568 B. Desirable Features 2568 C. Potential Drawbacks 2568 X. Comparison with Other Metal-Containing Insulin Mimics 2568

Vanadium Compounds as Insulin Mimics

Antidiabetic vanadium(IV) and zinc(II) complexes

Publisher Summary Biomedical inorganic chemistry “Elemental Medicine” is an important new area of chemistry. Platinum complexes are now among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of cancer. Three injectable Pt(II) compounds have been approved and several other cis -diam(m)ine complexes are on clinical trials, including an oral Pt(IV) complex. Microbial resistance to established organic antibiotics is a potentially serious problem and provides an impetus for the development of novel antimicrobial metal compounds. With appropriate choice of ligands, it is possible to change the mode of Pt binding to DNA and to circumvent acquired resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin; a trinuclear Pt complex with two monofunctional Pt centers has recently been found to exhibit an intriguing new mode of DNA binding and has entered clinical trials. There is potential in the anti-HIV field. Polyoxometallates of the Keggin type bind to viral envelope sites on cell surfaces and interfere with virus adsorption.

H. Tamura

Papers

Orally active and long-term acting insulin-mimetic vanadyl complex:bis(picolinato)oxovanadium (IV).