A review on water in low rank coals: The existence, interaction with coal structure and effects on coal utilization

Chemical changes of Chinese lignite upon drying in superheated steam, microwave, and hot air have been studied in this paper using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. The infrared (IR) spectra of raw and dried samples were curve-fitted to a series of bands in aliphatic hydrogen (3000–2800 cm–1) and carbonyl absorption (1850–1500 cm–1) zones. It has been found that aliphatic hydrogen absorbance decreased slightly with an increasing temperature during superheated steam drying, while absorption of carboxyl (COOH) and carbonyl (C═O) groups decreased drastically, indicative of the loss of oxygen functionalities with an increasing drying temperature. During steam drying, aromatic carbon and aromatic ring stretch absorption remained relatively unchanged up to 250 °C and decreased significantly thereafter because of some pyrolysis reactions that took place at higher drying temperatures. Microwave heating of lignite resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of oxygen-contain...

Study of Chemical Structure Changes of Chinese Lignite upon Drying in Superheated Steam, Microwave, and Hot Air

Supercritical ethanol as an enhanced medium for lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction: Influence of physical process parameters

Separation and structural characterization of the value-added chemicals from mild degradation of lignites: A review

One-pot complete catalytic ethanolysis of Kraft lignin into C6–C10 chemicals, that is, aliphatic alcohols, esters, phenols, benzyl alcohols, and arenes, is achieved with a batch reactor over a number of supported molybdenum-based catalysts at 553 K in pure ethanol under autogenous pressure of 10.6 MPa. Metallic molybdenum, its carbide, and nitride all show remarkable activity, with the carbide and metallic catalysts giving the higher overall yields: 1640 and 1390 mg/g lignin, respectively. The major phases composing the catalysts are well-preserved after the reaction; however, the detection of Mo(V) species verifies the partial oxidation of molybdenum, which leads to the formation of the dissociative Mo species, such as molybdenum V ethoxide, in the fluid phase. Through the product analysis and catalyst characterization, the common route of lignin conversion to value added chemicals over the Mo-based catalyst is presented in detail. Kraft lignin is first fragmented into segments with m/z ∼ 700–1400 via a ...

Common Pathways in Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin to Platform Chemicals over Molybdenum-Based Catalysts

Thermal dissolution of Shenfu coal in different solvents

Co-liquefaction behavior of a sub-bituminous coal and sawdust

Modification of sub-bituminous coal by steam treatment: Caking and coking properties

Microwave-assisted extraction of Xianfeng lignite in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride

Co-liquefaction of rice straw and coal using different catalysts

Haiping Li

Papers

Thermal dissolution of Shenfu coal in different solvents

Co-liquefaction behavior of a sub-bituminous coal and sawdust

Modification of sub-bituminous coal by steam treatment: Caking and coking properties

Microwave-assisted extraction of Xianfeng lignite in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride

Co-liquefaction of rice straw and coal using different catalysts