Showing papers in "Fuel in 2012"

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential applications for coal fly ash as a raw material were reviewed. And the authors found that there is significant potential for the increased utilisation of coal fly-ash both in its raw and refined state.

TL;DR: An extended overview of the organic and inorganic phase composition of biomass was conducted in this article, where reference peer-reviewed data and own investigations for various minor organic components and minerals, and modes of element occurrence identified in biomass were also applied and organized to describe the biomass systematically.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the characterization of two biodiesel samples made from beef tallow and soybean oil through their fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profile.

TL;DR: Between 1942 and 2010 there were >134 proposed molecular level representations (models) of coal, and while they spanned the rank range, bituminous representations are the bulk, with far fewer lignite, and very few subbituminous or anthracite representations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the pore size distribution (PSD) characteristics of coal were compared with traditional MIP, CMP, LFNMR, and micro focus computerized tomography (μCT).

TL;DR: In this article, the current and future potential of polymeric membranes in acidic gas removal, heavy hydrocarbon recovery, water dehydration as well as nitrogen and helium separation are investigated, with a focus on the direction of future research to achieve commercially viable processes.

TL;DR: In this article, small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS) measurements were performed on samples from the Triassic Montney tight gas reservoir in Western Canada to determine the applicability of these techniques for characterizing the full pore size spectrum and to gain insight into the nature of the pore structure and its control on permeability.

TL;DR: In this paper, torrefaction process parameters were investigated in order to improve biomass energy density and reduce its moisture content, and an overall increase in energy density (2 −19%) and decrease in mass and energy yield (3 −45% and 1 −35% respectively).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed CaO catalyst for the vegetable oil transesterification on the basis of a variety of the concerning research papers and discussed the practical use of CaO for industrial biodiesel production with pointing out the required future works.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study was conducted in a port fuel-injection, spark-ignition engine fuelled with blends of gasoline and n-butanol at different spark timings and EGR rates.

TL;DR: In this article, it is explained that the changes in the self-healing rates with temperature can be related by means of the Arrhenius equation, and an apparent activation energy for healing is needed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine have been discussed, and the results confirmed that the BSFC, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen (O2) emission increased, smoke opacity, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased due to the fuel properties and combustion characteristics of biodiesel.

TL;DR: In this article, a new approach of linear correlations is proposed, developed, and analyzed for its forecasting errors, and the best correlation which has least errors is selected and subjected to develop non-linear correlations to decrease its estimation errors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of various supported catalysts on the hydroprocessing of soybean oil were studied, including the conversion, selectivity (naphtha, kero/jet, and diesel), free-fatty acid content, oxygen removal, and saturation of double bonds.

TL;DR: Bertero, Melisa Paola as discussed by the authors, and Parera, Jose M. M. et al. as discussed by the authors presented the work of the Instituto de Investigaciones en Catalisis y Petroquimica "Ing. Jose Miguel Pareara".

TL;DR: In this article, a modification of the Shi and Durucan model was proposed to increase the impact of the shrinkage effect on coalbed methane reservoirs with continued production, and the measured and modeled results matched perfectly, with the modeled permeability of coal increasing continuously.

TL;DR: In this article, the Soxhlet extraction method is utilized for the extraction of oil from spent coffee grounds, and the effect of different extraction solvents (polar and non-polar) on yield, chemical and physical properties, including free fatty acid content (FFA) or acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), density, viscosity, elemental composition and heating values of oil extracted from SCG, is investigated.

TL;DR: The solid oxide catalysts derived from the industrial waste shells of egg, golden apple snail, and meretrix venus were used as biodiesel production catalysts as discussed by the authors, and their catalytic activity in transesterification of palm olein oils and their physicochemical properties (by TG/DTA, EDX, SEM, N 2 sorption, CO 2 -TPD, and XRD) were systematically investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a TGA system to determine the reaction rates for oxygen generation (reduction) and regeneration in the Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the preliminary results of an experimental investigation on the biomass-fired organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-based micro-CHP system, which mainly consists of a biomass boiler, an evaporator, an ORC expander, an alternator, a heat recuperator and a condenser.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate that large increases in the RON of US gasoline are possible by blending in an additional 10-20%v ethanol above the 10% already present. But they do not consider the effect of increased evaporative cooling from ethanol in direct injection engines.

TL;DR: In this article, a study has been carried out in thermobalance with different oxygen concentrations (5, 10 and 20 vol.%) in the inlet gas stream in order to analyze the effect of oxygen on the lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis process and establish a kinetic model for oxidized biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, a predictive model based on a variant of the multi-cyclic Hubbert approach is applied to forecast future trend in world fossil fuel production, starting from historical data on oil (crude and NGL), natural gas, and coal production, and taking into consideration three possible scenarios for the global Ultimate (i.e. cumulative production plus remaining reserves plus undiscovered resources), this approach allowed us to determine when these important energy sources should peak and start to decline.

TL;DR: In this article, spray structural changes and vaporization processes for flash-boiling multi-hole sprays over a broad range of superheated conditions were investigated using Mie-scattering and Laser-induced-exciplex-fluorescence (LIEF) optical techniques.

TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal continuous process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) from waste cooking oil in a reactive distillation column catalyzed by a heteropolyacid, H3PW12O40·6H2O, was developed.

TL;DR: In this article, results of an experimental investigation carried out in a modern diesel engine running at different operative conditions and fuelled with blends of diesel and n-butanol, are reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, changes in mobility of hazardous elements contained in coal during combustion at a power plant in Santa Catarina (Brazil) and the environmental impact potential of ashes were determined by digestion and sequential extraction.

TL;DR: In this paper, a chemical-looping combustion (CLC) of solid fuels in a continuously operating 10 kW unit using two natural ores as oxygen carrier: (a) ilmenite, (b) iron-titanium mineral and (c) manganese ore containing smaller amounts of Fe, Al and Si.

TL;DR: In this article, coal methane adsorption is investigated using three types of tectonically deformed coal with vitrinite reflectance of about 0.9% at different temperatures and pressures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the microwave-heated pyrolysis of waste automotive engine oil was investigated using microwave energy as the heat source, and the yield and characteristics of the recovered oils (i.e. elemental analysis, hydrocarbon composition, and potential fuel properties) were presented and discussed.