What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

The generalization of the Local Density Approximation (LDA) method for the systems with strong Coulomb correlations is presented which gives a correct description of the Mott insulators. The LDA+U method is based on the model hamiltonian approach and allows to take into account the non-sphericity of the Coulomb and exchange interactions. parameters. Orbital-dependent LDA+U potential gives correct orbital polarization and corresponding Jahn-Teller distortion. To calculate the spectra of the strongly correlated systems the impurity Anderson model should be solved with a many-electron trial wave function. All parameters of the many-electron hamiltonian are taken from LDA+U calculations. The method was applied to NiO and has shown good agreement with experimental photoemission spectra and with the oxygen Kα X-ray emission spectrum.

http://absimage.aps.org/image/MAR06/MWS_MAR06-2005-007233.pdf

First-principles calculations of electronic structure and spectra of strongly correlated systems: the LDA+U method

Finite deformations of an elastic solid: by Francis D. Murnaghan. 140 pages, 15 × 23 cm. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1951. Price, $4.00

Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we investigate the electronic and chemical properties of a single-layer MoS(2) adsorbed on Ir(111), Pd(111), or Ru(0001), three representative transition metal substrates having varying work functions but each with minimal lattice mismatch with the MoS(2) overlayer. We find that, for each of the metal substrates, the contact nature is of Schottky-barrier type, and the dependence of the barrier height on the work function exhibits a partial Fermi-level pinning picture. Using hydrogen adsorption as a testing example, we further demonstrate that the introduction of a metal substrate can substantially alter the chemical reactivity of the adsorbed MoS(2) layer. The enhanced binding of hydrogen, by as much as ~0.4 eV, is attributed in part to a stronger H-S coupling enabled by the transferred charge from the substrate to the MoS(2) overlayer, and in part to a stronger MoS(2)-metal interface by the hydrogen adsorption. These findings may prove to be instrumental in future design of MoS(2)-based electronics, as well as in exploring novel catalysts for hydrogen production and related chemical processes.

Tuning the Electronic and Chemical Properties of Monolayer MoS$_2$ Adsorbed on Transition Metal Substrates

Mechanical properties of half-Heusler alloys

This study focus on one of important corporate decision that can have a great impact on the sentiments of the investor’s i.e. corporate dividend policy. This study investigates the determinants of the corporate dividend policy in the context of agency relation. The analysis of the study has based on the random sample of seventy firms from Karachi Stock Exchange KSE-100 index for the period of eight years ranging from 2003 to 2010. Stepwise multiple regression has used to investigate for the relationship of ownership variables with the dividend payouts. The empirical results suggested that there has a negative relationship between the dividend payouts and managerial share ownership and thus these are alternative tools that can be used to minimize the agency problem. Where there has positive relationship between the institutional and foreign share ownership suggested that the higher has their shareholdings the higher will be the firm dividend payouts that will leads to less availability of the cash flows with the opportunities managers to expropriate the shareholders wealth. Further more managerial share ownership has explanatory power of 18%. While the institutional ownership has explanatory power of 23.3% there for it can be concluded that the incremental effect of the institutional ownership in the model has about to 5% while that of the foreign ownership contribute about 1.9% with the total model explanatory power of 25.2%.

/pdf/the-impact-of-ownership-structure-on-dividend-policy-1if3xe687h.pdf

The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Policy Evidence from Emerging Markets KSE-100 Index Pakistan

Based on the first-principles calculations, we investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of defects in monolayer SnS. We study the formation and migration of vacancies at both Sn- and S-sites. In comparison to the S-site vacancy, our calculations show that creating a vacancy at the Sn-site requires lesser energy, indicating that the vacancy at the Sn-site is more likely to be formed in experiments with energetic particle irradiation. For the Sn-rich (S-rich) environment, the vacancy at the S-site (Sn-site) is more likely to be found than the vacancy at the Sn-site (S-site). Reducing the formation of vacancy clusters, the S vacancy remains at the position where it is created because of the high vacancy migration barrier. Both types of vacancies remain nonmagnetic. To induce magnetism in monolayer SnS, we also study the transition metal (TM = Mn, Fe, and Co) doping at the Sn-site and find a significant influence on the electronic and magnetic properties of monolayer SnS. The doping of TM changes non-magnetic monolayer SnS to magnetic one and keeps it semiconducting. Additionally, long-range ferromagnetic behavior is observed for all the doped system. Hence, doping TM atoms in monolayer SnS could be promising to realize a two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor. More interestingly, all the doped TM configurations show a high spin state, which can be used in nanoscale spintronic applications such as spin-filtering devices.

Influences of vacancy and doping on electronic and magnetic properties of monolayer SnS

Electronic, optical, and thermoelectric investigations of Zintl phase AAg2Se2 (A=Sr, Ba) compounds: A first first-principles approach

Recently, study of non-toxic double perovskites halides has become attractive due to their outstanding tunable optoelectronic properties. We present the analysis of the electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Bi based double perovskites halides, Cs2InBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) using density-functional theory (DFT). The band structures computed using Trans-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential show that band gap tuning from visible (1.84 eV) to infrared (0.65 eV) energy can be resulted by changing anions from Cl to I, respectively. The optical absorption reveals maximum absorption in the ultraviolet range, while absorption edge shifts from visible to infrared energy by changing Cl with I, respectively. Various computed thermoelectric parameters are consistent with the transport parameters. Higher power factor for Cs2InBiI6 shows that narrow band gap can be comparatively more suitable for thermoelectric applications. The calculated thermoelectric and optical parameters indicate Cs2InBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) suitable for applications in energy conversion and solar absorbing devices.

Theoretical investigation of Cs2InBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskite halides using first-principle calculations

In order to meet the requirement of spintronic and optoelectronic, we have systematically investigated the effect of Mn doping and co-doping of Mn with C on the electronic, magnetic and optical properties of wurtzite zinc sulfide (ZnS) using first principle calculations. Our results find that single Mn doping alters the non-magnetic ZnS to a magnetic one and keeps its semiconducting and a semiconductor to half-metal transition is observed for Mn-C co-doping. Furthermore, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) ground states are favorable for Mn-doped and Mn-C co-doped system, respectively. Additionally, the optical properties of our studied configuration have been calculated in terms of real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function, absorption coefficient, and reflectivity. The absorption edge shifts slightly toward lower energy and intensity of the main peak become weak for single Mn doping, and a sharp peak at low energy is observed for the Mn-C co-doping. The analysis of optical absorption of Mn ions doped system shows the blue- and red-shifts of the d-d transition in the AFM and FM coupled of Mn ions doped configuration, respectively which is in good agreement with the experimental observations. The improved magnetic and optical properties of Mn-C co-doped ZnS shed light on the future application of such kind of materials in spintronic and optoelectronic devices such as remote sensing and photovoltaics.

Hamid Ullah

Papers

The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Policy Evidence from Emerging Markets KSE-100 Index Pakistan

Influences of vacancy and doping on electronic and magnetic properties of monolayer SnS

Electronic, optical, and thermoelectric investigations of Zintl phase AAg2Se2 (A=Sr, Ba) compounds: A first first-principles approach

Theoretical investigation of Cs2InBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskite halides using first-principle calculations

Optoelectronic and magnetic properties of Mn-doped and Mn-C co-doped Wurtzite ZnS: a first-principles study.