Han S. Lim

TL;DR: Persistent AF in early months is maintained predominantly by drivers clustered in a few regions, most of them being unstable reentries.

TL;DR: Although significant heterogeneity is seen with single procedures, long‐term freedom from atrial arrhythmia can be achieved in some patients, but multiple procedures may be required.

TL;DR: Rapid atrial rates and AF in humans both result in increased platelet activation and thrombin generation, and these findings suggest that although rapidatrial rates increase the thrombogenic risk, AF may further potentiate this risk.

TL;DR: The complexity of AF drivers increases with prolonged AF duration, and re-entrant and focal drivers are predominantly located in the PV antral and adjacent regions, however, with longerAF duration, multiple drivers are distributed at extra-PV sites.

TL;DR: Patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for AF exhibit an inflammatory response within 3 days and the extent of inflammatory response predicts early AF recurrence but not late recurrence, and prothrombotic markers are elevated at 1 week after ablation and may contribute to increased risk of early thrombosis events after AF ablation.