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Showing papers by "Harith Ahmad published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jul 2010-Vacuum
TL;DR: In this article, ZnO thin films were prepared by reactive RF sputtering on thermally oxidized Si for gas sensing applications, and three VOC vapors were chosen to investigate the response behavior of the prepared ZnOs.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Bi-EDFA) is demonstrated to operate at wavelength region from 1570 to 1620 nm using only a 215 cm long of gain medium.
Abstract: Bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (Bi-EDF) is demonstrated as an alternative medium for optical amplification and nonlinear applications. The bismuth glass host provides the opportunity to be doped heavily with erbium ions to allow a compact optical amplifier design. The bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Bi-EDFA) is demonstrated to operate at wavelength region from 1570 to 1620 nm using only a 215 cm long of gain medium. The maximum gain of 15.8 dB is obtained at signal wavelength of 1610 nm with the corresponding noise figure of about 6.3 dB. A multi-wavelength laser comb is also demonstrated using a stimulated Brillouin scattering in the 215 cm long Bi-EDF assisted by the 1480 nm pumping. The laser generates more than 40 lines of optical comb with a line spacing of approximately 0.08 at 1612.5 nm region using 152 mW of 1480 nm pump power.

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple design of multi-wavelength generation in the S-band region of the optical network transmission is proposed, which consists of broad-band fiber Bragg grating (BB-FBG), which acts as a filter to enhance operation in Sband region.
Abstract: A simple design of multi-wavelength generation in the S-band region of the optical network transmission is proposed. The design consists of broad-band fiber Bragg grating (BB-FBG), which acts as a filter to enhance operation in the S-band region. A Sagnac loop mirror (SLM) is used to generate multiple wavelength oscillations in the ring cavity. The output consists of 60 lasing wavelengths oscillating simultaneously between 1464 nm and 1521 nm with a spacing of 0.92 nm and an output linewidth of 0.66 nm.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesized undoped and doped ZnO with 1 at.% (atomic percentage) chromium (Cr) for oxygen gas sensing applications, which showed a highly c-oriented phase with a dominant (0 0 2) peak at a Bragg angle of around 34.2°.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a wideband erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated using an Erbiumdoped zirconia fiber as the gain medium.
Abstract: A wideband erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated using an Erbium-doped zirconia fiber as the gain medium. With a combination of both Zr and Al, we could achieve a high erbium doping concentration of 4320 ppm in the glass host without any phase separations of rare-earths. The Erbium doped fiber (EDF) is obtained from a fiber preform, which is fabricated in a ternary glass host, zirconia-yttria-aluminum codoped silica fiber using a MCVD process. Doping of Er2O3 into Zirconia yttria-aluminosilicate based glass is done through solution doping process. The maximum gain of 21.8 dB is obtained at 1560 nm with 2 m long of EDF and co-pumped with 1480 nm laser diode. At high input signal of -4 dBm, a flat-gain at average value of 8.6 dB is obtained with a gain variation of less than 4.4 dB within the wavelength region of 1535-1605 nm and using 3 m of EDF and 100 mW pump power. The corresponding noise figure is maintained below 9.6 dB at this wavelength region.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, ZnO thin films were successfully grown on fused silica substrates by reactive RF sputtering, where the ratio of reactive oxygen (O 2 ) gas to the sputter argon (Ar) gas varied from 10% to 90%.
Abstract: ZnO thin films were successfully grown on fused silica substrates by reactive RF sputtering. The ratio of the reactive oxygen (O 2 ) gas to the sputter argon (Ar) gas varied from 10% to 90%. The XRD results showed a single diffraction peak of (0 0 2) phase, with the values of FWHM tend to decrease as the oxygen ratio increases. The prepared films showed a good optical transmittance with the decrease of refractive index from 2.2 to 1.9 as the oxygen ratio increases. The PL spectra showed a single UV emission with a broad peak at the visible and infrared regions. The UV peak shifted from 3.25 to 3.17 eV, while the intensity decreases as the oxygen ratio increases. The work discussed the influence of the O 2 ratio on the structural and optical properties of the films.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that a zirconia-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier can achieve even better flat-gain value and bandwidth as well as lower noise figure than the conventional Bi-EDFA.
Abstract: In this Letter, we present a comprehensive comparison of the performance of a zirconia-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Zr-EDFA) and a bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Bi-EDFA). The experimental results reveal that a Zr-EDFA can achieve comparable performance to the conventional Bi-EDFA for C-band and L-band operations. With a combination of both Zr and Al, we could achieve a high erbium-doping concentration of about 2800 ppm (parts per million) in the glass host without any phase separations of rare earths. The Zr-based erbium-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) was fabricated using in a ternary glass host, zirconia-yttria-aluminum codoped silica fiber through a solution-doping technique along with modified chemical vapor deposition. At a high input signal of 0 dBm, a flat gain at average value of 13 dB is obtained with a gain variation of less than 2 dB within the wavelength region of 1530-1575 nm and using 2 m of Zr-EDF and 120 mW pump power. The noise figures are less than 9.2 at this wavelength region. It was found that a Zr-EDFA can achieve even better flat-gain value and bandwidth as well as lower noise figure than the conventional Bi-EDFA. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a simple structure but efficient multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a 49 cm Bismuth-based EDF as gain medium.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a simple structure but efficient multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a 49 cm Bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (Bi-EDF) as gain medium. The Bi-EDF provides erbium amplification and FWM effect in the cavity to generate a stable multi-wavelength comb operating in C-band region. We have achieved more than 5 lines with peak power of more than -35 dBm and channel spacing of 0.5 nm by incorporating a broadband fiber Bragg grating and polarization controller in the ring cavity.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a wide-band hybrid amplifier using a series configuration of Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) and fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) was theoretically proposed using a similar type of pump laser.
Abstract: Wide-band hybrid amplifier is theoretically proposed using a series configuration of Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) and fiber Raman amplifier (FRA), which using the similar type of pump laser. The operating wavelength of this amplifier covers the bandwidth of entire short wavelength band (S-band) region by combining the gain spectrum of TDFA and FRA. The theoretical gain varies from 20 to 24dB within a wavelength region from 1460 to 1525nm and which is in a good agreement with the experimental result. The development of reliable high-power diode lasers in the 1420nm wavelength range will make this type of wide-band hybrid amplifier an interesting candidate for S-band optical telecommunication systems.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a stable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is demonstrated.
Abstract: A stable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is demonstrated in this paper. The phase matching condition for four-wave mixing in the photonic crystal fiber has been enhanced using a seed signal and a polarisation controller to control the states of polarisation in the ring laser cavity. At a maximum pump power of 1480 nm, 5 lines are observed with nearly 2.15 nm spacing between the lines, and with a signal to noise ratio of more than 20 dB. The number of channels and wavelength spacing can be controlled by varying the output coupler ratio.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an intensity-modulation-based displacement sensor with two receiving fibers is theoretically and experimentally studied and the mathematical model of the proposed sensor is developed and the simulated responses are obtained to be in a good agreement with the experimental results.
Abstract: The intensity-modulation-based displacement sensor with two receiving fibers is theoretically and experimentally studied. The mathematical model ofthe proposed sensor is developed and the simulated responses are obtained to be in a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the conventional sensor with only one receiving fiber, the proposed sensor has a better linearity range because it has a larger area to receive the reflected light from the target. However, the sensitivity ofboth sensors is almost similar. The proposed sensor has the maximum linearity ranges of 2.5 I¼m and 0.9 I¼m at the back and front slopes, respectively. The linearity ranges are improved by about 44 compared with the conventional sensor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a fiber laser was demonstrated using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in conjunction with a 4% Fresnel reflection at room temperature, achieving a slope efficiency of 88% with respect to the launched 976 nm pump power.
Abstract: Highly efficient laser action from an Ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) is demonstrated using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in conjunction with a 4% Fresnel reflection at room temperature. The YDF used is drawn from Yb2O3-doped preform, fabricated through deposition of porous layer of composition SiO2-GeO2 by the MCVD process in conjunction with a solution doping technique. The fabricated YDF has a core composition of 0.2 wt % of Yb2O3, 1.8 wt % of Al2O3 and 23 wt % of GeO2 with a pump absorption of 9.0 dB/m. The fiber laser operates at wavelength of 1028 nm with a slope efficiency of 88% with respect to the launched 976 nm pump power using the YDF length of 7 m.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new temperature-sensitive fiber Sagnac loop mirror (FLM) is proposed using two segments of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) to provide greater temperature sensitivity in the spectral spacing detuning compared to the conventional single-segment configuration.
Abstract: A new temperature-sensitive fiber Sagnac loop mirror (FLM) is proposed using two segments of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The proposed dual-segment FLM provides greater temperature sensitivity in the spectral spacing detuning compared to the conventional single-segment configuration. Besides, the proposed configuration also enables both efficient positive and negative spectral spacing detuning by rising the temperature of one of the PMF segments. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration has achieved a great improvement in increasing spectral spacing variation range by 6.6 times and an increment of temperature sensitivity as much as 337.6% as compared to the conventional configuration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a tapered fiber is fabricated by heating and stretching a piece of optical fiber after the polymer protective cladding has been removed, and applied in a ring erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) to generate dual-wavelength lasing oscillations.
Abstract: A tapered fiber is fabricated by heating and stretching a piece of optical fiber after the polymer protective cladding has been removed. An equidistant comb-like transmission spectrum, with a spacing of 1.6 nm and an extinction ratio of more than 5 dB, was obtained by the tapered fiber due to the multibeam interferences of the cladding modes. The tapered fiber was applied in a ring erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) to generate dual-wavelength lasing oscillations. The EDFL operates at wavelengths of 1557.0 nm and 1558.6 nm with a stable peak power and a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 40 dB.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a 49 cm long bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (Bi-EDF) was used in conjunction with a 20 m long photonic crystal fiber as gain media with a simple ring resonator.
Abstract: Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) has been demonstrated using a 49 cm long bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (Bi-EDF) in conjunction with a 20 m long photonic crystal fiber as gain media with a simple ring resonator. The BFL operates at 1559.09 nm, which is 0.09 nm shifted from the Brillouin pump wavelength. The BFL also has a stable output with a side mode suppression ratio of 12 dB.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance comparison of multi-wavelength oscillations in Yb3+ doped fiber lasers (YDFL) with typical commercial ytterbium doped silica fibers is presented.
Abstract: A multiwavelength Ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser operating at 1030 nm region is demonstrated using a Sagnac loop mirror and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We report the Performance comparisons of multi-wavelength oscillations in Yb3+ doped fiber lasers (YDFL) with typical commercial ytterbium doped silica fibers. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC), a widely tunable laser range of 22 nm from 1030 nm to 1050 nm is obtained. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) design has exhibited simplicity in the operation for controlling the smallest wavelength spacing compared to Sagnac loop mirror method. In our observations, the smallest achieved stable wavelength spacing in Sagnac loop mirror setup and MZI setup were 2.1 nm and 0.7 nm, respectively. In case of nine-wavelength operation with a MZI setup, the stability, Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of laser lines are not affected by increasing pump power, While for above four wavelength operation, the laser stability with Sagnac loop mirror becomes worse specially for higher input pump power and the power fluctuation among the wave-lengths would be also slightly larger.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of focal length and diameter of the concave mirror on the displacement response is investigated, and the experimental and theoretical results show that the second dip of the response is located at distance equivalent to twice of the focal length.
Abstract: Fiber optic displacement sensor (FODS) is proposed using a concave mirror for enhanced flexibility in sensitivity selection and linear range. The effect of focal length and diameter of the concave mirror on the displacement response is investigated. The experimental and theoretical results show that the second dip of the displacement response is located at distance equivalent to twice of focal length. For the third slopes and above, the sensitivity and the linear range of the sensor are strongly dependent on the focal length and diameter of the mirror. A good agreement between the theory and experimental results are shown. The measurement range as far as 26 mm can be achieved by using a 12 mm focal length concave mirror.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Bismuth-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is experimentally and theoretically investigated using 1480-nm pumping with double-pass scheme, and the theoretical analysis is solved to examine the optimum length for the C-band operation as well as the gain and noise figure characteristics.
Abstract: Performance of a Bismuth-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier is experimentally and theoretically investigated using 1480 nm pumping with double-pass scheme. In the theoretical analysis, the rate and power propagation equations are solved to examine the optimum length for the C-band operation as well as the gain and noise figure characteristics. The calculated small signal gain is 38 dB with gain variation of less than 3 dB. The measured gain is 4 dB lower due to spurious reflections which were ignored in the theoretical analysis. At input signal power of 0 dBm, a gain of 14.5 dB is obtained experimentally with gain variation of less than 1 dB within the wavelength region from 1530 to 1565 nm. The noise figure is less than 12 dB within this region.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a ring resonator is fabricated by coiling the tapered fiber, which is firstly made by heating and stretching a piece of optical fiber, after the polymer protective cladding has been removed.
Abstract: Tapered fiber based ring resonators are fabricated and its optical characteristic is investigated in detail. The ring resonator is fabricated by coiling the tapered fiber, which is firstly made by heating and stretching a piece of optical fiber, after the polymer protective cladding has been removed The comb filter with a constant free spectral range (FSR) and the maximum extinction ratio of 4.2 dB is achieved by a single-mode fiber based ring resonator. The FSR of ring resonator can be adjusted by controlling the diameter of the ring. The extinction ratio is improved in the polarization maintaining fiber based ring resonator where the maximum extinction ratio of 14 dB is achieved at 1531 nm region.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a fiber optic displacement sensor is proposed to estimate the roughness of metal surface using the intensity modulation technique, where a light beam is launched onto the metal surface via a bundled fiber and reflected light from the surface is collected and then routed to a silicon detector.
Abstract: A fiber optic displacement sensor is proposed to estimate the roughness of metal surface using the intensity modulation technique. A light beam is launched onto the metal surface via a bundled fiber. The reflected light from the surface is collected and then routed to a silicon detector. The level of roughness for aluminum, stainless steel and copper samples are estimated to be approximately 27, 26, and 20% respectively by fixing the object within the linear range of the sensor. The output voltages are measured as a function of lateral distance to estimate the roughness of the surface.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a tunable fiber laser (TFL) operating in the O-band of 1310 nm is proposed and demonstrated using a 1×16 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as a slicing mechanism for the broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source and an optical channel selector (OCS) to provide the tunability.
Abstract: A novel tunable fibre laser (TFL) operating in the ordinary band (O-band) of 1310 nm is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed TFL is developed using a 1×16 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) as a slicing mechanism for the broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source and an optical channel selector (OCS) to provide the tunability. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with a centre wavelength of 1310 nm serves as the compact gain medium for the TFL and also as a broadband ASE source. The TFL has a tuning range of 1301.26 nm to 1311.18 nm with 9.92 nm span and a channel spacing of 0.7 nm. The measured output power is about –4 and –8 dBm and with a side node suppression ratio (SMSR) of 29 to 33 dB.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a simple intensity modulated displacement sensor is proposed and demonstrated for sensing the concentration of glucose in distilled water, and the measured sensitivities are obtained at around 0.0103 mV/() and 0.0229 mm/() for the peak voltage and position changes respectively.
Abstract: A simple intensity modulated displacement sensor is proposed and demonstrated for sensing the concentration of glucose in distilled water. For a concentration change of glucose from 0 to 25 in distilled water, the peak light intensity and its position increases linearly with the concentration due to the increased of the refractive index of the liquid. The measured sensitivities are obtained at around 0.0103 mV/() and 0.0229 mm/() for the peak voltage and position changes respectively. The stability, high sensitivity and simplicity of the sensor make it suitable for chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical and process control sensing applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple design of linear cavity dual-wavelength fiber laser (DWFL) is proposed, operating in the C-band region stretching from 1538.3 nm to 1548.6 nm, an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is used to generate the dual-wvelengths output together with a broadband fiber Bragg grating as a back reflector and an optical circulator with a 10% output coupling ratio which acts as a front mirror.
Abstract: In this paper, a simple design of linear cavity dual-wavelength fiber laser (DWFL) is proposed. Operating in the C-band region stretching from 1538.3 nm to 1548.6 nm, an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is used to generate the dual-wavelengths output together with a broadband fiber Bragg grating as a back reflector and an optical circulator with a 10% output coupling ratio which acts as a front mirror. The measured average output power of the DWFL is about −5.66 dBm and with a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 53.1 dB. The spacing between the two output wavelengths can be varied from 0.8 nm to 10.3 nm with a stable output and minimum power fluctuations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a design of a quad-wavelength fiber laser (QWFL) operating in two different regions namely the O-band covering from 1302 nm to1317.4 nm and C-band from 1530.5 nm to 1548.0 nm is presented.
Abstract: In this paper, a design of a quad-wavelength fiber laser (QWFL) operating in two different regions namely the O-band covering from 1302 nm to1317.4 nm and C-band from 1530.5 nm to 1548.0 nm is presented. Two different ASE sources from semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are used, one at 1310 nm and the other at1550 nm. By using a 1×24 channels arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with 100 GHz interchannel spacing, the system is capable of generating 24 different wavelengths in more than 24 ways of quad-wavelength fiber laser with 0.6 nm and 0.8 nm of interval channel for O-band and C-band regions, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a high output power Erbium-Ytterbium doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) pumped by a 927 nm laser diode is proposed and experimentally investigated.
Abstract: The performance of a high output power Erbium-Ytterbium doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) pumped by a 927 nm laser diode are proposed and experimentally investigated. The EYDFA provides a flat gain and output power higher than 23 dBm in the wavelength region from 1545 to 1566 nm using a double-pass configuration. A broadband fiber Bragg grating is used in the double-pass EYDFA to allow a double-propagation of the test signal in the gain medium and thus improves the gain and output power characteristics of the amplifier. The maximum output power of 390 mW is obtained at the maximum 927 nm pump power of 4.1 W which translates to a power conversion efficiency of about 10%.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of axial displacements on the detected output voltages are also investigated for fiber bundle probe sensor, and the resolutions obtained are 0.9 and 4.0 μm, for the front and back slopes, respectively.
Abstract: Fiber optic displacement sensors with bundled and fused coupler fiber probes are being investigated. The effects of axial displacements on the detected output voltages are also investigated for fiber bundle probe sensor. The resolutions obtained are 0.9 and 4.0 μm, for the front and back slopes, respectively. A comparison is made with a commercial plastic based multimode fused coupler which gives a better range of 2.0 mm. This is longer than that achieved by the fiber bundle probe which is only 0.4 mm and has a lower resolution of 34 μm for the case of 50:50 coupling ratio.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a fiber optic displacement sensor (PODS) with two asymmetrical inclined fibers is demonstrated using an intensity modulation technique, and it is shown that the increment of inclination angle increases the output sensitivity but reduces the linear range of the sensor.
Abstract: Fiber optic displacement sensor (PODS) with two asymmetrical inclined fibers is demonstrated using an intensity modulation technique. Compared to the sensor with two symmetrical inclined fibers, the sensitivities of proposed PODS are improved by 64.7%. 40.8%, and 31.8% at inclination angles of 10 degrees, 20 degrees. and 30 degrees, respectively. The analysis also shows that the increment of inclination angle increases the output sensitivity but reduces the linear range of the sensor. Compared to the case of parallel fibers, sensitivity can be improved by 3.6, 8.5, and 16 times for inclination angles of 10, 200, and 30 degrees respectively. However, the corresponding linear ranges are decreased by 67%, 55%, and 33% for inclination angles of 10, 200, and 30. respectively. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1271-1274, 2010: Published online in Wiley Inter Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25173

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-wavelength laser source with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a gain medium is demonstrated, which can generate 35 lasing lines with equal spacing of 0.28 nm and extinction ratios of more than 30 dB at room temperature.
Abstract: A multi-wavelength laser source is demonstrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a gain medium. A multi-wavelength comb with equal spacing is achieved due to Fabry-Perot modes of the SOA which oscillates in the ring cavity. A 100 m long photonics crystal fiber (PCF) is inserted in the ring cavity to provide a nonlinear gain by four-wave mixing (FWM) so that the output comb spectrum can be greatly broadened and flattened. The stability of the ring laser is also increased due to the efficient FWM phenomenon occurring in the PCF. The SOA-based laser can generate 35 lasing lines with equal spacing of 0.28 nm and extinction ratios of more than 30 dB at room temperature. The number of channels of the multi-wavelength laser can be controlled flexibly by changing the ratio of the coupler used in the ring cavity configuration as well as controlling the polarization state of the oscillating laser.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated by using dual-wvelength fiber in a 7.7 km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) that is incorporated in a 49 cm Bismuth erbium-doped fiber laser.
Abstract: A multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated by using dual-wavelength fiber in a 7.7 km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) that is incorporated in a 49 cm Bismuth erbium-doped fiber laser. The BFL operates in C-band, which is shifted by 0.08 nm and amplified by a Raman pump (RP). The threshold power for BP pumps and the Raman pump is achieved at 7 dBm and around 35 mW, respectively. The exclusive and practical benefits of using reduced high nonlinear Bismuth-erbium doped fiber (Bi-EDF) in implementing a four-wave mixing (FWM) method for multi-wavelengths Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) applications are experimentally demonstrated. Coupled interactions of Brillouin, Raman, and FWM scattering explain the unique feature of proposed configuration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) was demonstrated using a fiber Bragg grating at room temperature. But the performance of the YDF was limited to a singlemode 977 nm laser diode.
Abstract: A highly efficient laser action from a ytterbium-doped fibre (YDF) is demonstrated using a fibre Bragg grating at room temperature. The YDF used is drawn from a Yb2O3-doped preform, fabricated through deposition of a porous layer of composition SiO2-GeO2 by the MCVD process in conjunction with a solution doping technique. The fibre laser operates at a wavelength of 1028 nm with maximum slope efficiency of 88% when pumped by a singlemode 977 nm laser diode.