I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

The effects of ablation of a dominant follicle and treatment with follicular fluid on circulating concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied and the temporal relationships between surges of FSH and follicular waves were studied in heifers with two or three follicular waves/interovulatory interval. Cauterization of the dominant follicle on Day 3 or Day 5 (ovulation on Day 0) (six control and six treated heifers/day) resulted in a surge (P less than 0.05) in FSH beginning the day after cautery. The FSH surge prior to wave 2 (first post-treatment follicular wave) occurred 4 days (Day 3 cautery) and 2 days (Day 5 cautery) before the surge in control groups, corresponding to a 4-day and a 2-day advance in emergence of wave 2 compared with controls. It was concluded that the dominant follicle on Day 3 and Day 5 was associated with the suppression of circulating FSH concentrations. Heifers (n = 4/group) were untreated or treated intravenously with a proteinaceous fraction of bovine follicular fluid on Days 0-3, 3-6, or 6-11. Concentrations of FSH were suppressed (P less than 0.05) for the duration of treatment, regardless of the days of treatment. Cessation of treatment was followed within 1 day by the start of a surge in FSH. The FSH surge prior to wave 2 occurred 2 days earlier (treatment on Days 0-3), 1 day later (treatment on Days 3-6), and 6 days later (treatment on Days 6-11) than in controls, corresponding to an equivalent advance or delay, respectively, in the emergence of wave 2 compared with controls. The results suggest that the effects of exogenous follicular fluid on follicular development were mediated, in whole or in part, by altering plasma FSH concentrations. Control heifers combined for the two experiments were separated into those with 2-wave (n = 11) or 3-wave (n = 5) interovulatory intervals. Two-wave heifers had two FSH surges and 3-wave heifers had three apparent FSH surges during the interovulatory interval. Results of the cautery and follicular fluid experiments indicated that a surge in FSH necessarily preceded the emergence of a wave. The FSH surges in treated and control heifers began 2-4 days before the detectable (ultrasound) emergence of a follicular wave (follicles of 4 and 5 mm), peaked 1 or 2 days before emergence and began to decrease approximately when the follicles of a wave begin to diverge into a dominant follicle and subordinate follicles (follicles 6-7 mm).

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Association between surges of follicle-stimulating hormone and the emergence of follicular waves in heifers.

Purification of a fibroblast growth factor from bovine pituitary.

THE recent isolation of human growth hormone from pituitary glands collected at autopsy has been of major importance in the investigation of human pituitary physiology.1 , 2 Metabolic studies have confirmed the remarkable anabolic and growth-promoting actions of this hormone in man,3 , 4 in contrast to the negative or equivocal clinical results previously observed with bovine growth hormone. The unusually high species specificity of human growth hormone has been further demonstrated by immunologic studies, in which antigenic similarity and biologic effectiveness have closely paralleled one another among various mammalian species.5 An assay taking advantage of immunologic specificity was first reported by Read and . . .

Human growth hormone. clinical measurement, response to hypoglycemia and suppression by corticosteroids.

I. Introduction II. Dynamics of Normal Human Follicle Growth and Selection A. Gonadotropin-independent and -dependent follicle growth B. Intrafollicular endocrine changes C. Are estrogens needed for follicle development? D. In vivo regulation of follicle maturation in the monkey E. The FSH threshold and window concept for in vivo follicle growth 1. FSH threshold and follicle recruitment 2. FSH window and single dominant follicle selection 3. Dominant follicle development F. Modulation of FSH action 1. Heterogeneity of FSH 2. Direct interference with FSH action 3. Intraovarian interference with FSH action by growth factors III. Gonadotropin Induction of Ovulation A. The concept of monofollicle growth in anovulatory patients B. Conditions affecting treatment outcome 1. Patient-related factors 2. Hormone preparation-related factors 3. Other factors involved C. Commonly used step-up dose regimens 1. Conventional step-up protocol 2. Low-dose, step-up protocol D. Potential for a step-down dose regimen IV. Stero...

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Manipulation of Human Ovarian Function: Physiological Concepts and Clinical Consequences

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody which detects luteinizing hormone from diverse mammalian species.

Preparation and properties of growth hormone from human and monkey pituitary glands.

Publisher Summary It has long been recognized that the control of gonadal function by pituitary hormones (gonadotropins) is a general feature of vertebrate reproductive physiology. Numerous studies on the hormones of eutherian mammals have established the existence of two chemically distinct types of gonadotropin molecules in the pituitary-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Recent biochemical studies on these molecules have revealed that each is a glycoprotein consisting of two chemically non-identical subunits, designated α and β. The physiological actions of the two gonadotropins in mammals are still subject to intensive investigation; however, it is agreed that FSH and LH have somewhat different roles in the regulation of gonadal function. This chapter describes a flow diagram of the protocol for the fractionation of pituitary hormones, with particular reference to gonadotropins and growth hormone (GH), from various nonmammalian species. The strong resemblance in chromatographic behavior among the fractions identified as FSH and LH from most nonmammalian species and their mammalian counterparts provided preliminary evidence of chemical similarity among the different species of FSH and of LH. Biochemical analyses on the six highly purified species of LH and FSH (chicken, turkey, alligator, snapping turtle, sea turtle, and bullfrog) yielded additional evidence for the homologies between mammalian and nonmammalian hormones.

Evolution of gonadotropin structure and function.

Isolation and partial characterization of the polypeptide chains of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay system for macaque follicle-stimulating hormone (mFSH) was developed utilizing an antiserum (H-31) prepared in a rabbit against purified ovine FSH as the immunogen. Sera from castrated female, adult male, and juvenile rhesus monkeys, as well as urinary extracts from castrated rhesus and bonnet monkeys, were used to demonstrate parallelism with a standard of partially purified monkey pituitary gonadotropins (LER-M-907-D). An extract of baboon pituitary tissue also showed parallelism with the reference standard. A highly purified pituitary extract (WP-X-105-28), containing approximately 75% macaque luteinizing hormone (mLH) and 1% mFSH, was used to demonstrate the specificity of this mFSH assay system. Sera and urinary extracts obtained from hypophysectomized monkeys did not show cross-reactivity in the assay. Macaque chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) did not produce an inhibition curve in the assay, as determined from serum samples and urinary extracts collected from pr...

Harold Papkoff

Papers

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody which detects luteinizing hormone from diverse mammalian species.

Preparation and properties of growth hormone from human and monkey pituitary glands.

Evolution of gonadotropin structure and function.

Isolation and partial characterization of the polypeptide chains of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone.

A New Radioimmunoassay for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Macaques: Ovulatory Menstrual Cycles