Helmer F. Figueiredo

TL;DR: The principle extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms responsible for regulating stress-responsive CRH neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, which summate excitatory and inhibitory inputs into a net secretory signal at the pituitary gland, are reviewed.

TL;DR: The influence of the limbic system on the HPA axis is likely the end result of the overall patterning of responses to given stimuli and glucocorticoids, with the magnitude of the secretory response determined with respect to the relative contributions of the various structures.

TL;DR: Exogenous ACTH administration to dexamethasone-blocked rats demonstrated that CVS increased maximal plasma and adrenal corticosterone responses to ACTH without affecting sensitivity, and increased adrenal weight after CVS is due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy that occur in specific adrenal subregions and is associated with increased maximal cortic testosterone responses toACTH.

TL;DR: It seems the psychogenic responses to stress are gated by discrete sets of GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus, which may play a major role in HPA dysfunction seen in affective disease states and aging.

TL;DR: This study indicates that the medial prefrontal cortex differentially regulates cellular activation of specific stress‐related brain regions, thus exerting stressor‐dependent inhibition of the HPA axis.