With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

1. Health care is a human right. 2. The care of the individual is at the center of health care, but the whole system needs to work to improve the health of populations. 3. The health care system must treat illness, alleviate suffering and disability, and promote health. 4. Cooperation with each other, those served, and those in other sectors is essential for all who work in health care. 5. All who provide health care must work to improve it. 6. Do no harm.

https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(00)00768-7/pdf

Is this a practical approach

Radio access technologies for cellular mobile communications are typically characterized by multiple access schemes, e.g., frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), and OFDMA. In the 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) (Au et al., Uplink contention based SCMA for 5G radio access. Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2014. doi:10.1109/GLOCOMW.2014.7063547) and LTE-Advanced (Baracca et al., IEEE Trans. Commun., 2011. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2011.121410.090252; Barry et al., Digital Communication, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004), standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), orthogonal multiple access based on OFDMA or single carrier (SC)-FDMA is adopted. Orthogonal multiple access was a reasonable choice for achieving good system-level throughput performance with simple single-user detection. However, considering the trend in 5G, achieving significant gains in capacity and system throughput performance is a high priority requirement in view of the recent exponential increase in the volume of mobile traffic. In addition the proposed system should be able to support enhanced delay-sensitive high-volume services such as video streaming and cloud computing. Another high-level target of 5G is reduced cost, higher energy efficiency and robustness against emergencies.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for cellular future radio access

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

Rational design of liposomal drug delivery systems, a review: Combined experimental and computational studies of lipid membranes, liposomes and their PEGylation.

Chemotherapy is widely used for cancer treatment; however, it causes unwanted sideeffects in patients. To avoid these adverse effects, nanocarriers have been developed, which can beloaded with the chemotherapeutic agents, directed to the cancer site and, once there, are exposed tostimuli that will trigger the drug release.Liposomes can be chemically modified to increase their circulation time, their stability, and theirsensitivity to specific stimulus. Additionally, ligands can be conjugated to their surface, allowing for their specific bindingto receptors overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells and the subsequent internalization via endocytosis. Using atriggering mechanism, including temperature, ultrasound, enzymes or a change in pH, the release of the drug is controlledand induced inside the cells, hence avoiding drug release in systemic circulation, which in turn reduces the undesired sideeffects of conventional chemotherapy. Ultrasound has been widely studied as a drug release trigger from liposomes, dueto its well-known physics and previous uses in medicine.This review focuses on liposome-based drug delivery systems, using different trigger mechanisms, with a focus onultrasound. The physical mechanisms of ultrasound release are also investigated and the results of in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized.

Review on triggered liposomal drug delivery with a focus on ultrasound.

Providing energy-efficient and delay-aware channel access in cellular networks is essential to many anticipated massive Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, as the number of devices increases, the contention over the limited network radio resources increases, leading to network congestion. The congestion increases the channel access delay and energy consumption of IoT devices, and reduces the number of supported devices. Node clustering and data aggregation are potential approaches to support the massive number of devices while meeting the various service quality requirements of diverse applications. As the number of devices increases, optimizing the node clustering and data aggregation process becomes critical as many tradeoffs arise among different network performance metrics. In this article, we present a novel nonorthogonal multiple access-enabled two-stage transmission architecture to enable massive cellular IoT communications. Concepts from queuing theory and stochastic geometry are jointly exploited to derive tractable models for different network performance parameters, such as coverage probability, two-hop access delay, and the number of served devices per transmission frame. The established models characterize relations among various network parameters, and hence facilitate the design of two-stage transmission architecture. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed solution improves the overall access delay and energy efficiency as compared to traditional-orthogonal-multiple-access-based clustered networks. They also highlight that, for the scenario considered, there is an optimal number of aggregators at which the tradeoffs among the different network performance measures are optimized.

Energy- and Delay-Aware Two-Hop NOMA-Enabled Massive Cellular IoT Communications

The use of echogenic liposomes to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment has gained wide recognition in the last 20 years. Cancerous cells can develop multiple drug resistance (MDR), in part, due to the drop in concentration of chemotherapeutic agents below the therapeutic levels inside the tumor. This suggests that MDR can be reduced by controlling the level of drug release in the diseased area. In this paper, a model predictive controller based on neural networks is proposed tomaintain a constant chemotherapeutic release at the cancer site. The proposed systemwas able to follow the set point by varying the U.S. intensity within preset constraints. The system simulated model is viable and it showed a high average fit when stimulated with variable input variations, indicating the robustness of the nonlinear model. By maintaining a constant release of the drug so that the concentration level is above a certain threshold, we hope to reduce cancer resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents.

/pdf/use-of-model-predictive-control-and-artificial-neural-1cg127efdi.pdf

Use of Model Predictive Control and Artificial Neural Networks to Optimize the Ultrasonic Release of a Model Drug From Liposomes

Providing energy efficient and delay-aware access is essential to many anticipated cellular Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In cellular networks, before devices transmit their data, they use a contention-based association protocol, known as random access channel (RACH), which introduces extensive access delays and energy wastage as the number of contending devices increases. Modeling the performance of the RACH protocol is a challenging task due to the complexity of uplink transmission that exhibits a wide range of interference components; nonetheless, it is an essential process that will help determine the applicability of cellular IoT communication paradigm. This paper presents a novel mathematical framework based on stochastic geometry to analyze the RACH protocol and identify its limitations in the context of cellular IoT applications with a massive number of devices. To do so, we study the traditional cellular association process and derive a mathematical model for its association success probability. The derived model accounts for device density, spatial characteristics of the network, power control employed, and mutual interference among the devices. Our analysis and results highlight the shortcomings of the RACH protocol and give insights into the potentials brought on by employing power control techniques. The developed framework can be applied to evaluate the performance of other contention-based access schemes by incorporating their unique operational principles.

RACH Performance Analysis for Large-Scale Cellular IoT Applications

Conventional chemotherapeutics lack the specificity and controllability, thus may poison healthy cells while attempting to kill cancerous ones. Newly developed nano-drug delivery systems have shown promise in delivering anti-tumor agents with enhanced stability, durability and overall performance; especially when used along with targeting and triggering techniques. This work traces back the history of chemotherapy, addressing the main challenges that have encouraged the medical researchers to seek a sanctuary in nanotechnological-based drug delivery systems that are grafted with appropriate targeting techniques and drug release mechanisms. A special focus will be directed to acoustically triggered liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin.

Hesham G. Moussa

Papers

Review on triggered liposomal drug delivery with a focus on ultrasound.

Energy- and Delay-Aware Two-Hop NOMA-Enabled Massive Cellular IoT Communications

Use of Model Predictive Control and Artificial Neural Networks to Optimize the Ultrasonic Release of a Model Drug From Liposomes

RACH Performance Analysis for Large-Scale Cellular IoT Applications

Improving the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs via Encapsulation and Acoustic Release.