Showing papers by "Hiroshi Maeda published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, a new high-Tc oxide superconductor of the BiSrCa-Cu-O system without any rare earth element was discovered, which has Tc of about 105 K, higher than that of YBa2Cu3O7 by more than 10 K.
Abstract: We have discovered a new high-Tc oxide superconductor of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system without any rare earth element. The oxide BiSrCaCu2Ox has Tc of about 105 K, higher than that of YBa2Cu3O7 by more than 10 K. In this oxide, the coexistence of Sr and Ca is necessary to obtain high Tc.
2,698 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the sputter deposition of superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films was studied with particular reference to the relation between the deposition conditions and the superconding properties of the obtained.
Abstract: The sputter deposition of superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films was studied with particular reference to the relation between the deposition conditions and the superconducting properties of the films obtained. After annealing, the films sputtered from a sintered Bi1.3Sr1Ca1Cu1.5Ox target exhibited superconductivity with zero-resistance at 83 K. The possibility of obtaining high-Tc superconducting film without post-deposition annealing was also demonstrated.
731 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the modulated crystal structure in high-Tc superconductor in a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system is proposed based on the high-resolution electron microscope images.
Abstract: A model for the modulated crystal structure (Matsui et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. in press) in high-Tc superconductor in a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system is proposed based on the high-resolution electron microscope images. Ideally, it is body-centered orthorhombic with a=0.54, b=5a=2.7 and c=3.08 nm. The Bi2O2 layers do not form complete sheets, but contain occupational and/or positional fluctuation of Bi-sites to form "Bi-concentrated bands" which extend in the a-direction. Contraction of lattice planes along the b-axis is induced in the Bi-concentrated bands, causing compensating expansion in the remaining Bi-deficient ones.
157 citations
TL;DR: The present work on tumor vascular permeability has led to the following findings, which confirmed that kinin is generated via the kallikrein‐dependent cascade in the ascitic tumor fluid and blocked this kinin‐generating cascade with Kunitz‐type soybean trypsin inhibitor, and the formation of ascites was suppressed.
Abstract: Enhanced vascular permeability in tumor tissue has profound pathological consequences in tumor biology. However, details of the mechanism involved are not clear. The present work on tumor vascular permeability has led to the following three findings. (i) Ascitic tumor fluid contained kinin (about 1-40 ng/ml), which is known to enhance vascular permeability and induce pain in vivo. (ii) Kinin is generated via the kallikrein-dependent cascade in the ascitic tumor fluid. By blocking this kinin-generating cascade with Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitor the formation of ascites was suppressed. (iii) Blocking of kinin-degrading enzymes (kininases I and II) by an appropriate kininase inhibitor (e.g., captopril) may result in increased permeability, leading to accumulation of the ascitic fluid. This phenomenon was verified by an about 1.2-1.5 fold increase in leakage of 51Cr-labeled bovine serum albumin into the ascites when kininase inhibitors had been administered orally 30 min before intravenous administration of the bovine serum albumin.
150 citations
TL;DR: Kinins in the ascitic fluid from a patient with gastric cancer were purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to demonstrate for the first time the presence of [hydroxyprolyl3]bradykinin in vivo.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, high-Tc (105 K) and low Tc (75 K) superconducting oxides were examined by transmission electron microscopy with an EDX analysis.
Abstract: Both high-Tc (105 K) and low-Tc (75 K) superconducting oxides recently reported by Maeda et al. (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.: in press) are examined by transmission electron microscopy with an EDX analysis. The chemical compositions are estimated to be Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu6Ox and Bi4Sr3Ca2Cu4Oy for high- and low-Tc samples. The diffraction patterns and high-resolution structure images show that the compounds have layered structures with alternate Bi2O2 layers and perovskite ones in a c-direction. A high-resolution image projected along the a-axis clearly shows the presence of the modulated structure with lattice curving.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a twin structure with twin plane (510) and with the composition plane (001) is observed in a high-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor which is orthorhombic with a=0.54, b=2.7 and c=3.08 nm.
Abstract: Twinned structure with twin plane (510) and with the composition plane (001) is observed in a high-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor which is orthorhombic with a=0.54, b=2.7 and c=3.08 nm. Directions of "Bi-concentrated bands" in both twin individuals are perpendicular to each other. Local intergrowths of perovskite-related layers with 1.8 and 2.1 nm thickness are observed among the major layers of 1.5 nm. The material includes small amounts of crystal with c=3.6 nm, which may be responsible for the superconductivity at 105 K, as already suggested by Muromachi et al. (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 (1988) L556).
67 citations
TL;DR: A zero resistance transition temperature of 108 K has been achieved for Pb-doped BiSr•Ca•Cu•O superconductors prepared by conventional powder solid state reaction as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A zero resistance transition temperature of 108 K has been achieved for Pb‐doped Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O superconductors prepared by conventional powder solid‐state reaction. The materials contained both the high Tc phase (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox) and the low Tc phase (Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox). Critical current density at 100 K in a zero magnetic field was 3.5 A/cm2 which was larger than that of the Pb‐free sample.
64 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a new high-T c, oxide superconductor of the BiSrCa-Cu-O system without any rare earth element was discovered, which has Tcof about 105 K, higher than that of YBa2Ca3O7 by more than 10 K.
Abstract: We have discovered a new high-T c, oxide superconductor of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system without any rare earth element. The oxide BiSrCaCu2Ox hasTcof about 105 K, higher than that of YBa2Ca3O7 by more than 10 K. In this oxide, the coexistence of Sr and Ca is necessary to obtain highT c.
57 citations
TL;DR: Data support that the prolonged plasma half-life of SMANCS in vivo reported previously can be attributed to this albumin binding, and a role of the alkyl ester groups of SMA derivatives to HSA binding was investigated.
Abstract: We have studied the interaction of macromolecular anticancer agent SMANCS, a conjugate of partially half-butyl-esterified styrene-co-maleic acid polymer[butyl-SMA]- and neocarzinostatin (NCS), with various serum proteins by the fluorescence polarization method. Comparatively strong binding of FITC-labeled SMANCS (F-SMANCS) to human serum albumin (HSA) and weak binding to fibrinogen were observed, while other serum proteins did not exhibit any appreciable binding profile. From Scatchard polt analysis, the asso ciation constant of binding for F-SMANCS to HSA at 37 °C, pH 7.4 was calculated to be 2.19 × 106 M-1 and the number of moles of F-SMANCS bound to 1 mol of HSA was 3.2 Binding of F-NCS to HSA was not observed. The F-SMANCS bound to HSA was effectively displaced by butyl-SMA, but not by NCS. This evidence supports that SMANCS binds to HSA through butyl-SMA, not through NCS portion. A role of the alkyl ester groups of SMA derivatives to HSA binding was investigated by competitive inhibition using butyl-...
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a highly oriented microstructure in the high-Tc (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O bulk samples has been obtained by a modified powder method.
Abstract: A highly oriented microstructure in the high-Tc (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O bulk samples has been obtained by a modified powder method. Disc-shaped samples consisting of layered grains with the c-axis of the crystal normal to the disc surface were prepared by applying an intermediate pressing between the sintering heat treatments. Enhancement in formation of the high-Tc phase and a significant increase in the critical current density have been reported.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified combination of heat treatment and pressing was used to improve the critical current density of the BiSrCaCuO sintered specimens, and the results showed that a strongly oriented microstructure with a remarkably large critical current densities was obtained.
Abstract: Remarkable improvements in the critical current density of the BiSrCaCuO sintered specimens have been achieved by a modified combination of heat treatment and pressing. The disk-shaped specimens were pressed uniaxially at room temperature after an initial sintering treatment and heated again at the same sintering temperature. This intermediate pressing method has produced a strongly oriented microstructure with a remarkably large critical current density. Correlation between microstructure and the critical current density, Jc, as well as anisotropy of the Jc with respect to the magnetic field direction has been described.
TL;DR: Analysis of the cleavage products of IgG or IgA demonstrated that the 56K protease, as well as the 60K and 73K proteases, cleaves only the heavy chain of these immunoglobulins near the hinge region to generate Fab and Fc fragments.
Abstract: Seven clinical and two nonclinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were examined for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes that cleave immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA molecules. All seven clinical isolates excreted a large amount of a 56-kilodalton (kDa) protease (56K protease) and small amounts of a 60-kDa and a 73-kDa protease (60K and 73K proteases, respectively) in culture medium during growth. All purified proteases cleaved IgG and IgA effectively if the level of protease production exceeded 2 to 5 micrograms/ml. The proteolytic activity in the culture supernatant was inhibited by about 85% by a chelating agent (EDTA), which indicated that the major immunoglobulin-cleaving enzyme is the metalloprotease(s) reported previously. Immunological quantification of proteases by single radial immunodiffusion showed similar results: the amount of 56K protease was about 65% and those of the 60K and 73K proteases were about 20 and 5%, respectively. Incubation for 3 h at 37 degrees C was required to generate immunoreactive Fab and Fc fragments. Further analysis of the cleavage products of IgG or IgA demonstrated that the 56K protease, as well as the 60K and 73K proteases, cleaves only the heavy chain of these immunoglobulins near the hinge region to generate Fab and Fc fragments. The susceptibilities of the subclasses of IgG and IgA to the 56K protease were as follows: IgG3 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG2 greater than IgG4 and IgA1 greater than IgA2. IgG2, IgG4, and IgA2 were relatively resistant to the 56K protease.
TL;DR: The effect of Pb-doping of the new high-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors prepared by conventional solid-state reactions has been studied in this article.
Abstract: The effect of Pb-doping of the new high-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors prepared by conventional solid-state reactions has been studied. A zero resistance transition temperature of 110 K has been achieved for a sample heat treatment of 845°C for 300 h. The sample contains the high-Tc phase (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox) as the major phase plus the low-Tc phase (Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox) and other compounds as minor phases. The critical current density at 100 K in a zero magnetic field is 32 A/cm2, which is much larger than that of the Pb-free sample.
Patent•
29 Aug 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a lyophilized pharmaceutical composition comprised of a neocarzinostatin derivative having the formula (SMA)-(NCS)-(SMA), is made by a method including dissolving the neocarnostatin derivatives and stabilizing agent comprising at least one saccharide selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharide, and dextran in an aqueous buffer solution having a pH ranging from about 7.5 to about 9.5, the stabilising agent being present in an amount by weight (
Abstract: A lyophilized pharmaceutical composition comprised of a neocarzinostatin derivative having the formula (SMA)-(NCS)-(SMA), is made by a method including dissolving the neocarzinostatin derivative and stabilizing agent comprising at least one saccharide selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides and dextran in an aqueous buffer solution having a pH ranging from about 7.5 to about 9.5, the stabilizing agent being present in an amount by weight (titer) which is at least equal to that of the neocarzinostatin derivative, to provide a solution; adjusting the pH of the solution to provide a pH-adjusted solution having a pH of about 8.0±0.5; sterilizing the pH-adjusted solution by filtration to provide a sterilized solution; and lyophilizing the sterilized solution.
TL;DR: In this article, the high-Tc oxide superconductors in the Bi Sr Ca Cu O system with no rare earth elements were discovered. And the chemical compositions of the high and low- Tc phases are estimated to be Bi 4 Sr 3 Ca 3 Cu 6 O x and Bi 4 S 3 Ca 2 Cu 4 O y, respectively.
Abstract: We have discovered new high-Tc oxide superconductors in the Bi Sr Ca Cu O system with no rare earth elements. The high-Tc phase, with Tc of about 105K, greater than that of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 by more than 10K, appears to have the approximate composition of Bi 1 Sr 1 Ca 1 Cu 2 O x . As the composition deviates from this value, a low-Tc phase with Tc of 75–85K tends to appear. In this oxide system, the coexistence of Sr and Ca is essential to realize the high Tc. The chemical compositions of the high and low- Tc phases are estimated to be Bi 4 Sr 3 Ca 3 Cu 6 O x and Bi 4 Sr 3 Ca 2 Cu 4 O y , respectively. The crystal structure of both phases is body-centered orthorhombic with a=0.54,b=5a=2.7and c=3.08nm. This structure is layered structure with such that alternating Bi 2 O 2 and perovskite layers occur along the c-axis. A modulated structure with highly strained a-c lattice planes is observed by high resolution TEM when the electron beam is incident along the a-axis direction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the crystal structure of the high-Tc superconducter, Bi2(Sr, Ca)3Cu2O8.2, was analyzed based on HRTEM images with help of the computer simulation.
Abstract: The crystal structure of the high-Tc superconducter, Bi2(Sr, Ca)3Cu2O8.2, is analyzed based on HRTEM images with help of the computer simulation. The structural modulation is approximated by the combination of supercells with different sizes. For the major supercell with lattice parameters, a=5.4 A, b=5bs=27.0 A and c=30.8 A (Amma, orthorhombic), the coordinates and the occupational probability of cations are determined. In the Bi-deficient bands of Bi2O2 sheets, about 40% sites of Bi are statistically substituted by Sr. In the perovskite-like layer, Sr are partly replaced by Bi near the Bi-concentrated bands, while wholly by Ca near the Bi-deficient bands. In the Ca plane about 30% sites of Ca are replaced by Sr.
TL;DR: In this article, the insertion of Li+ in λ-MnO2 involved an evolution of oxygen and a reduction of Mn(lV) to Mn(III) in a (LiCl + LiOH) solution.
Abstract: The topotactic insertion of Li+ in λ-MnO2 involved an evolution of oxygen and a reduction of Mn(lV) to Mn(III) in a (LiCl + LiOH) solution. The major reaction could be represented as λ-MnO2 + xLiOH → LixMnO2 + (x/2)H2O + (x/4)O2, where x denotes moles of inserted Li+ per mole of λ-MnO2. The extraction of the inserted Li+ was studied by using a solution containing either an acid(HCl) or an oxidizing agent(Br2, K2S2O8).
TL;DR: Otc-His-Pro-NH2 (9a) showed 3.5-10 times stronger CNS actions than TRH (1), however, it was also 3-4 times more potent thanTRH in thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing activity.
Abstract: In order to find compounds having selective central nervous system (CNS) actions, various thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogs in which the pyroglutamic acid residue is replaced by (3S)-1-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Otc-OH) and related derivatives were prepared and their CNS actions were investigated in mice.Otc-His-Pro-NH2 (9a) showed 3.5-10 times stronger CNS actions than TRH (1). However, it was also 3-4 times more potent than TRH in thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing activity.
TL;DR: The main cause of the discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro can be now rationalized; in the case of in vitro systems there is almost no involvement of pharmacokinetics and no barriers in the drug delivery to the target cells or receptors.
Abstract: R apid advances in biotechnology in recent years have brought many protein drugs into the realm of reality. Many of them exhibit extremely potent activity in vitro. For instance, 1 mg of purified recombinant interferon can be diluted 108-fold before activity is undetectable. An antitumor protein neocarzinostatin (NCS) is active in a nanomolar range. However, when these drugs are used clinically it turns out that the therapeutic efficacy is not so remarkable. The main cause of the discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro can be now rationalized; in the case of in vitro systems there is almost no involvement of pharmacokinetics and no barriers in the drug delivery to the target cells or receptors. Furthermore, there are a number of drawbacks inherent to the protein drugs, which are produced exogenously, such as antigenicity and lack of biocompatibility. We have been working on the anti-
TL;DR: PEG-BOX appears to have potential value for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia observed in such diseases as fulminant hepatitis and neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy.
Abstract: Bilirubin oxidase (BOX) derived from Myrothecium verrucaria was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). When the conjugated PEG-BOX was given intravenously to rats, its plasma half-life was 20 times longer than that of native BOX. In our preliminary investigations with experimentally jaundiced rats, the plasma bilirubin level dropped to normal after only one injection, and the low bilirubin level could be maintained for 12-48 hr; native BOX had a transitory suppressive effect that lasted only a few hours. The antigenicity of PEG-BOX was greatly reduced as expected. PEG-BOX appears to have potential value for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia observed in such diseases as fulminant hepatitis and neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the high-Tc phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system and found that the temperature range at which the high Tc phase forms, was very narrow (865-880°C).
Abstract: With the aim of preparing a single, high-Tc phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system, optimization of the composition and heat treatment have been studied. It was found that the temperature range at which the high-Tc phase forms, was very narrow (865–880°C) and a process of furnace-cooling was required to reduce a residual resistance due to the low-Tc phase. The high-Tc phase in this oxide system can easily form from a limited starting composition around Bi1Sr1Ca1Cu2Ox. Tc values for the high-Tc phase do not change much from the initial composition or the heat treatment, while that for the low-Tc phase moves considerably from about 88 K down to below 20 K. Existence of new superconducting phases in the Sr-Ca-Cu-O system is mentioned.
TL;DR: A sharp resistive superconducting transition above 100 K has been achieved for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors in this article, where the resistance at 100 K was estimated to be less than 10-6 Ω cm in a zero magnetic field.
Abstract: A sharp resistive superconducting transition above 100 K has been achieved for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors. The resistance at 100 K was estimated to be less than 10-6 Ω cm in a zero magnetic field.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results suggest that macrophage and T-cells w Lyt 1-2+ phenotype may have an important role in the IFN response stimulated by SMANCS, and the serum IFN induced by the agent contained about 60% of IFN gamma.
Abstract: Poly (styrene-co-maleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin, SMANCS, induced antiviral activities in the circulation of mice. The maximum titer of the activity (240 U/ml) was observed 20 h after administration an 8 mg/kg iv dose of SMANCS. Various experiments showed that this antiviral substance induced by SMANCS was an interferon (IFN). Sixty percent of the IFN response stimulated by SMANCS was impaired in mice pretreated with anti-IFN gamma antiserum. This suggests that the serum IFN induced by the agent contained about 60% of IFN gamma. When Thy 1+ or Lyt 2+ T-cells were depleted from mice by administration of anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-Lyt 2.2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), this IFN response was eliminated. However, when natural killer cells were depleted from mice by treatment with antiasialo GM1 antiserum, no alteration in the IFN response was observed. The SMANCS-stimulated IFN response was also abrogated in mice treated with macrophage blockers (carrageenan and trypan blue), whereas administration of anti-Lyt 1.2 mAb had no effect on the IFN response. These results suggest that macrophage and T-cells w Lyt 1-2+ phenotype may have an important role in the IFN response stimulated by SMANCS.
TL;DR: In this article, the workability of Y•Ba•Cu•O composite wires with a Ag sheath has been studied and multifilamentary Y'Ba'Cu'O superconductors with a matrix have been successfully fabricated.
Abstract: Workability of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O composite wires with a Ag sheath has been studied and multifilamentary Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O superconductors with a Ag matrix have been successfully fabricated. Observations of the wires with a scanning electron microscope reveal that as the areal reduction ratio R increases, the average Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O grain size decreases. The study on the workability of the composite wires reveals that composite wires consisting of the Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O powder and a Ag matrix can be rolled or drawn to any extent by a cold‐work process with intermediate annealings at 150 °C for R=∼10. Based on this study, we have succeeded in fabricating a 252 filament Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O wire which shows a Tc (onset) of ∼95 K.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the coupling properties of both polycrystalline compounds and found that the coupling in the Bi compound is weaker than that in the Tl compound.
Abstract: A.C. complex susceptibility χ'-i χ'' was measured as a function of temperature at various field amplitude for the sintered Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O in order to investigate the coupling properties of both polycrystalline compounds. The steps in χ'-T curves and the peaks in χ''-T curves were composed of two contributions for sintered bulk samples. One comes from the intergrain couplings, while the other is attributed to the bulk superconductivity. The amplitude dependence of the former contribution indicates that the coupling in the Bi compound is weaker than that in the Tl compound.
TL;DR: The 73-kDa protease (73K protease) was purified from a clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens kums 3958 and extensively degraded IgG, IgA, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and alpha 1-protease inhibitor.
Abstract: The 73-kDa protease (73K protease) was purified from a clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens kums 3958. The purified protease appeared homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The protease is active in a broad pH range with maximum activity at pH 7.5-8.0. The protease appeared to be a thiol protease, since it was inhibited by sulfhydryl reactive compounds such as p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA), iodoacetamide, and N-ethylmaleimide, and the protease activity was enhanced by various reducing agents such as cysteine, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, and dithiothreitol. The protease contained 2 mol of free sulfhydryl residues per mol of protease. When the protease was reacted with FMA, a maximum of 2 mol of FMA per mol of enzyme was found reacted, based on fluorescence quenching in which the enzyme inactivation was paralleled linearly with the loss of both SH groups. This indicates possible equal involvement of the two thiol groups for the enzyme activity. The inactivation of the protease by FMA was partially restored by a dialysis in the presence of cysteine or dithiothreitol. The protease was not inhibited by high molecular weight kininogen but was inhibited by alpha 2-macroglobulin. The protease bound stoichiometrically to alpha 2-macroglobulin with 1:1 molar ratio and 25% activity remained constant even after the addition of 4 molar excess of alpha 2-macroglobulin. The protease extensively degraded IgG, IgA, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and alpha 1-protease inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the coupling properties of both polycrystalline compounds and found that the coupling in the Bi compound is weaker than that in the Tl compound.
Abstract: A.C. complex susceptibility χ'-i χ'' was measured as a function of temperature at various field amplitude for the sintered Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O in order to investigate the coupling properties of both polycrystalline compounds. The steps in χ'-T curves and the peaks in χ''-T curves were composed of two contributions for sintered bulk samples. One comes from the intergrain couplings, while the other is attributed to the bulk superconductivity. The amplitude dependence of the former contribution indicates that the coupling in the Bi compound is weaker than that in the Tl compound.
TL;DR: NH2-terminal sequence analyses of the released peptides showed that the 56K proteinase cleaved the fibronectin between the Arg-Thr, Leu-Ser and Gln-Glu bonds, which resulted in loss of morphological integrity and extracellular matrix.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new process based on rf magnetron sputtering was reported for the successful growth of superconducting BiSrCaCuO thin films, which achieved a zero-resistance temperature of 100 K and above with very high reproducibility when the film was deposited on MgO(100) substrate using a target of Bi1.3Sr1Ca1Cu1.5Ox followed by annealing at 875°C for 0.5 h.
Abstract: The successful growth of superconducting BiSrCaCuO thin films has been reported by a new process based on rf magnetron sputtering. The formation of a partially melted underlayer by controlling the substrate temperature during an early stage of the deposition process appeared to be responsible for a marked improvement in Tc. A zero-resistance temperature of 100 K and above was achieved with very high reproducibility when the film was deposited on MgO(100) substrate using a target of Bi1.3Sr1Ca1Cu1.5Ox followed by annealing at 875°C for 0.5 h.