CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS Introduction Physical Properties Optical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Magnetooptic Properties Electrooptic Properties Elastooptic Properties Nonlinear Optical Properties GLASSES Introduction Commercial Optical Glasses Specialty Optical Glasses Fused Silica Fluoride Glasses Chalcogenide Glasses Magnetooptic Properties Electrooptic Properties Elastooptic Properties Nonlinear Optical Properties Special Glasses POLYMERIC MATERIALS Optical Plastics Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Thermal Properties Engineering Data METALS Physical Properties of Selected Metals Optical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Mirror Substrate Materials LIQUIDS Introduction Water Physical Properties of Selected Liquids Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Magnetooptic Properties Commercial Optical Liquids GASES Introduction Physical Properties of Selected Gases Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Magnetooptic Properties Atomic Resonance Filters APPENDICES Safe Handling of Optical Materials Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Mineralogical or Common Names for Optical Materials Abbreviations for Methods of Preparing Optical Materials and Thin Films Fundamental Physical Constants Units and Conversion Factors

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Handbook of Optical Materials

Highly selective detection of phosphate in very complicated matrixes with an off–on fluorescent probe of europium-adjusted carbon dots

This review describes recent instrumentation developments of the thermal lens techniques. It will begin with a brief discussion of the theory of the techniques. Its main focus is, however, on the detail description of various instruments. Specifically, the discussion will begin with the description of single beam instruments which were initially developed following by dual beam instruments. Elaboration will be focused on some of the most sophisticated instruments which were developed recently. These include differential thermal lens instruments, multiwavelength and spectral tunable instruments, circular dichroism spectropolarimeters, rotoreflecting instruments, and miniaturized thermal lens instruments. Selection of lasers, focusing, modulation, sample position, sample cells, data acquisition, noise reduction, and applications of acousto‐optic tunable filters will also be discussed. The future of the techniques in terms of instrumentation will be finally forecasted.

Analytical thermal lens instrumentation

The authors studied the effects of changing the barrier design of GaAs-Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As quantum wells on the electroabsorption, exciton saturation, and carrier sweep-out times. Five samples with x values ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 and barrier thicknesses from 35 to 95 AA were studied. Within this range, the authors find that the electroabsorption is not very sensitive to the barrier thickness, but that the ionization field of the excitons approximately doubles for an increase of x from 0.2 to 0.4. The samples with high, thick barriers have lower internal quantum efficiencies than those with low, thin barriers. It was found that the exciton saturation intensity increases with increasing applied field, and decreasing barrier thickness or height. Time-resolved electroabsorption measurements confirm the variation in sweep-out rates between samples, and indicate that the escape mechanism at low field is probably a thermally-assisted tunneling process. >

Quantum well carrier sweep out: relation to electroabsorption and exciton saturation

This review considers the technique of thermal lens spectrometry and its applications to chemical measurements in solid, liquid and gaseous phases. Practical applications, theoretical treatments and instrumental developments are considered in terms of their analytical use and potential.

Thermal lens spectrometry. A review

Determination of phosphorus at the parts per trillion level by laser-induced thermal lensing colorimetry

The tunneling process of photogenerated carriers in AlAs/GaAs double quantum well structures in which two wells have different widths (60 and 80 A) was studied by steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra. The tunneling process was found to play an important role for a barrier thickness narrower than about 40 A. The tunneling rate was determined as 2×1010 s−1 for a 30‐A barrier. The quantum‐mechanical penetration depth of the wave function into an AlAs barrier was estimated as 6 A from the barrier width dependence of luminescence intensity ratio between the two wells. The tunneling rate and penetration depth are consistent with a simple envelope function approximation with no Γ‐X mixing.

Tunneling process in AlAs/GaAs double quantum wells studied by photoluminescence

A new method is proposed for the determination of the electro‐optic constants and relevant nonlinear susceptibilities. It was applied to polycarbonate films doped with 4‐diethylamino‐4’‐nitrostilbene. The real and imaginary parts of the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility X(3) (−ω;ω, 0,0) of the film were determined by the method between 600 and 800 nm at room temperature. X(3) (−ω;ω, 0,0) is (6+4i)×10−12 esu or quadratic electro‐optic constant R is (−1−0.7i)×10−20 m2/V2 at 597 nm.

New determination method of electro‐optic constants and relevant nonlinear susceptibilities and its application to doped polymer

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0014-5793%2883%2981078-3

Effect of pH on the photoreaction cycles of bacteriorhodopsin

Thermal lensing colorimetry has been applied to the determination of nitrite ion. Color development was based on the diazo-coupling reaction among NO2−, N-(naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, and sulfanylamide. The source was the chopped output of an Ar+ laser operated at 514.5 nm. The beam intensity was measured with a silicon photocell of 1 mm2 surface area and the resultant electrical signal was processed with a microcomputer system. The minimal detectable amount of nitrite ion using a cell of 1 cm path length is 0.2 nM. This is more than 200 times smaller than the detection limit of ordinary spectrophotometry using a commercial spectrophotometer.

Hisao Uchiki

Papers

Determination of phosphorus at the parts per trillion level by laser-induced thermal lensing colorimetry

Tunneling process in AlAs/GaAs double quantum wells studied by photoluminescence

New determination method of electro‐optic constants and relevant nonlinear susceptibilities and its application to doped polymer

Effect of pH on the photoreaction cycles of bacteriorhodopsin

Thermal Lensing Colorimetry of Nitrite Ion with Single-Laser System