4.3. Reaction Mechanism 2373 4.4. Asymmetric Synthesis 2374 4.5. Outlook 2374 5. Alternating Polymerization of Oxiranes and CO2 2374 5.1. Reaction Outlines 2374 5.2. Catalyst 2376 5.3. Asymmetric Polymerization 2377 5.4. Immobilized Catalysts 2377 6. Synthesis of Urea and Urethane Derivatives 2378 7. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid 2379 8. Synthesis of Esters and Lactones 2380 9. Synthesis of Isocyanates 2382 10. Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation, and Alcohol Homologation 2382

Transformation of carbon dioxide.

2.5. Stabilization of IL Emulsions by Nanoparticles 2623 3. Hydrogenations in ILs 2623 3.1. Hydrogenation on IL-Stabilized Nanoparticles 2623 3.1.1. Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene 2623 3.1.2. Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Arenes 2624 3.1.3. Hydrogenation of Ketones 2624 3.2. Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation in ILs 2624 3.3. Hydrogenation of Functionalized ILs 2625 3.3.1. Selective Hydrogenation of Polymers 2625 3.4. Asymmetric Hydrogenations 2626 3.4.1. Enantioselective Hydrogenation 2626 3.5. Role of the ILs Purity in Hydrogenation Reactions 2628

Catalysis in ionic liquids

This review gives a survey on the latest most representative developments and progress concerning ionic liquids, from their fundamental properties to their applications in catalytic processes. It also highlights their emerging use for biomass treatment and transformation.

Ionic liquids and catalysis: Recent progress from knowledge to applications

Cyclometalated phosphine-based pincer complexes: Mechanistic insight in catalysis, coordination, and bond activation

A review of conduction phenomena in Li-ion batteries

FeIII-containing ionic liquids (ILs), prepared from the reaction of anhydrous FeCl3 and imidazolium chloride ([imidazolium]Cl), were used as effective extractants for the desulfurization of a model oil containing dibenzothiophene (DBT). The amount of DBT extracted increased with an increasing molar ratio of FeCl3/[imidazolium]Cl. The ability of the ILs to extract DBT seems to be attributed to the combined effects of Lewis acidity and fluidity of ILs.

Extractive Desulfurization Using Fe-Containing Ionic Liquids

Isolation of a Pyridinium Alkoxy Ion Bridged Dimeric Zinc Complex for the Coupling Reactions of CO2 and Epoxides

The structure of proton transport channels is controlled and fixed in sulfonated poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) triblock copolymer membranes. Microphase-separated SBS membranes were cross-linked by UV irradiation in the presence of a photoinitiator and then sulfonated by acetyl sulfate. Sulfonated cross-linked SBS (scSBS) membranes with fixed nanosized proton transport channels were then prepared. The scSBS membranes show good proton conductivity, comparable to that of Nafion, and a low methanol permeability, more than 1 order of magnitude smaller than that of Nafion. Sulfonated non-cross-linkable poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-r-butylene)-b-styrene) membranes and sulfonated cross-linked poly(styrene-r-butadiene) membranes, which have less developed proton transport channels, were also prepared for comparison. The effects of the presence and size of the proton transport channels on the proton conductivity and methanol permeability were investigated. It is concluded that both the structure and the fix...

Hoon Sik Kim

Papers

Extractive Desulfurization Using Fe-Containing Ionic Liquids

Isolation of a Pyridinium Alkoxy Ion Bridged Dimeric Zinc Complex for the Coupling Reactions of CO2 and Epoxides

Fixation of nanosized proton transport channels in membranes

Imidazolium zinc tetrahalide-catalyzed coupling reaction of CO2 and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide

Well-defined highly active heterogeneous catalyst system for the coupling reactions of carbon dioxide and epoxides