다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.

The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

Developmental potential of mouse morula early and late blastocyst after vitrification

Introduction: Doxorubicin is frequently used for treatment of several types of cancer, but cardiac toxicity has limited the use of this drug. Corticosteroids may prevent doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate mouse embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes as a model to assess the effects of doxorubicin and dexamethasone. Methods: Mouse embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes were treated with different concentrations of doxorubicin for 24 hours and the results were compared with control group. In order to examine the effect of dexamethasone on cardiotoxicity, mouse embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes were either exposed to 0.1, 1 or 10 .M dexamethasone 24 hours prior to exposure to doxorubicin or exposed to dexamethasone 24 hours before and during exposure to doxorubicin. Each group was compared with cells that were treated with only doxorubicin or dexamethasone. Results: 5 .M doxorubicin was selected as the lowest dose that ceased heart beats in more than 50% of mouse embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes. Results revealed that 10 .M dexamethasone for 24 hours before treatment with doxorubicin has protective effect on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Conclusion: The overall results obtained in this model are in accordance with previous literature. Thus suggesting that mouse embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes is a suitable model for assessment of cardiotoxic effects of drugs.

Embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes are a suitable model for assessment of cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin and other drugs

Introduction: The p19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells develop into neurons, astroglia and fibroblasts after aggregation and exposure to retinoic acid (RA). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a neurosteroid, which can increase the proliferation of human neural stem cells (NSC) and positively regulate the number of neurons produced. This study was initiated to assess the effect of DHEA on neural progenitor cells derived from p19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Methods: p19 cells were suspended in DMEM containing 5% FBS in bacterial-grade Petri dishes in the presence of RA and DHEA at different concentrations for 6 days. Serum concentration was decreased to 3% on days 5 and 6. The aggregates were then collected and processed for flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analyses. Cells were trypsinized for dispersion and were placed in to poly-L-lysine (10 8g/ml) coated tissue culture dishes without RA and DHEA for 4 days. Differentiated cells were then evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Results: Flow cytometry analyses of Nestin and Brdu/Nestin showed percent Nestin positive and proliferating Nestin positive cells in different groups including DHEA and RA groups. Brdu/Nestin immunochemistry confirmed proliferation of Nestin positive cells and also RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of proneural markers and estrogen receptor genes. Result showed that RA + DHEA (1µM) significantly increased the number of Nestin positive and newly formed Nestin positive cells compared to other groups. Conclusion: These results showed that DHEA accompanied by RA significantly increased the number of Nestin positive and newly formed Nestin positive cells derived from p19 embryonal carcinoma cells but in comparison to RA could not induce neural progenitor cells.

Dehydroepiandrosterone increases the proliferation of neural progenitor cells derived from p19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells

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A simple and efficient method to improve mechanical properties of collagen scaffolds by uv irradiation

Purpose: To report the early results of transplantation of autologous limbal stem cells cultivated on amniotic membrane (AM) in patients with total unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Methods: Four eyes of 4 patients with total unilateral LSCD confirmed with impression cytology underwent transplantation of autologous limbal stem cell cultivated on AM. At each follow up visit, a complete eye examination with special attention to recurrence or regression of vascularization, corneal opacification, and epithelial defect healing was performed. Digital imaging was performed at each follow up visit. Impression cytology was repeated in all cases after surgery. Results: The patients were followed for 5-13 months. Visual acuity improved in all cases. Decrease in corneal opacification and vascularization was obvious in 3 cases with coverage of the cornea with corneal epithelium. Sectoral conjunctivalization was evident in these 3 cases, however the corneas were ready for transplantation. The procedure failed in one case with total corneal conjunctivalization. Conclusion: Transplantation of autologous stem cells cultivated on AM seems to be an effective way for total LSCD. More definite judgment needs longer follow up together with long-term results of corneal transplantation in these patients.

Hossein Baharvand

Papers

Developmental potential of mouse morula early and late blastocyst after vitrification

Embryonic stem cells derived cardiomyocytes are a suitable model for assessment of cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin and other drugs

Dehydroepiandrosterone increases the proliferation of neural progenitor cells derived from p19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells

A simple and efficient method to improve mechanical properties of collagen scaffolds by uv irradiation

Early results of autologous cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation in total limbal stem cell deficiency