Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis

Revitalization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable development in agriculture.

Renal osteodystrophy

Infection following total joint replacement remains a major problem that has not been solved during the last thirty years. The prevalence of infection at the Mayo Clinic between 1969 and 1996 was 1.7 per cent of 30,680 total hip arthroplasties and 2.5 per cent of 18,749 total knee arthroplasties. After primary operations, the rate of infection was 1.3 per cent of 23,519 hips and 2.0 per cent of 16,035 knees. After revision operations, the rate was 3.2 per cent of 7161 hips and 5.6 per cent of 2714 knees (Table I). The rate of infection has been remarkably constant despite the use of different regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis, operating-room configurations, operative techniques, and modes of fixation of the implant. Factors leading to deep infection must be considered with respect to the host, wound, operative technique, operating-room environment, and microbiological characteristics of the infecting organisms. A prompt diagnosis of infection will facilitate treatment and minimize morbidity.

View this table:

TABLE I PREVALENCE OF INFECTION AFTER TOTAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY FOR THE YEARS 1969 THROUGH 1996



As stated, in discussing the etiology of infection, the host, wound, operating-room environment, operative technique, and microbiological characteristics of the infecting organisms must be considered. The patient as host is an important risk factor for infection. The operative wound is contaminated to some extent in all procedures, but the immune-defense mechanisms of the host prevent infection in most instances. Immunocompromised patients are clearly at increased risk for deep infection as are patients who have rheumatoid arthritis110,140. In a series of 4171 total knee replacements, an infection developed after sixteen (0.9 per cent) of 1854 replacements in patients who had osteoarthrosis compared with forty-five (2.2 per cent) of 2076 replacements in those who had rheumatoid arthritis140. In a series of 4240 total hip, knee, and …

Evaluation and treatment of infection at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty.

Purpose
The use of an intraoperative tourniquet for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common practice. However, the effectiveness and safety are still questionable. A systematic review was conducted to examine that whether using a tourniquet in TKA was effective without increasing the risk of complications.

/pdf/tourniquet-use-in-total-knee-arthroplasty-a-meta-analysis-3r37be1dwy.pdf

Tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

Lipids, as the basic component of cell membranes, play an important role in human health as well as brain function. The brain is highly enriched in lipids, and disruption of lipid homeostasis is related to neurologic disorders as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is associated with changes in lipid composition. Alterations of fatty acids at the level of lipid rafts and cerebral lipid peroxidation were found in the early stage of AD. Genetic and environmental factors such as apolipoprotein and lipid transporter carrying status and dietary lipid content are associated with AD. Insight into the connection between lipids and AD is crucial to unraveling the metabolic aspects of this puzzling disease. Recent advances in lipid analytical methodology have led us to gain an in-depth understanding on lipids. As a result, lipidomics have becoming a hot topic of investigation in AD, in order to find biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prevention, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutics.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/4/1505/pdf

Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease.

Ultrasonography is widely used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a common peripheral neuropathy, but the reported diagnostic accuracy varies. This meta-analysis focused on the diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosing CTS. Structured searches of PubMed for 1990-2010 were done and the data were extracted and meta-analyzed by pooling estimates of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratios. Diagnostic performance was also judged by using a summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Twenty-eight trials involving 3995 wrists were included. A greater cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet (CSA-I) and a greater flattening ratio at the level of the hamate were seen in CTS wrists than in control wrists. A CSA-I ≥9 mm(2) is the best single diagnostic criterion, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 40.4 (sensitivity 87.3%, specificity 83.3%).

Ultrasonography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.

Objective

MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a role in autoimmune diseases. MiRNA-223 (miR-223) is up-regulated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is involved in osteoclastogenesis, which contributes to erosive disease. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using lentiviral vectors expressing the miR-223 target sequence (miR-223T) to suppress miR-223 activity as a therapeutic strategy in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).



Methods

Levels of miR-223 in the synovial tissue of patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA), as well as in the ankle joints of mice with CIA, were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Lentiviral vectors expressing miR-223T (LVmiR-223T) or luciferase short hairpin RNA (LVshLuc) as a control vector were injected intraperitoneally into mice with CIA. Treatment responses and disease-related bone mineral density were monitored. Levels of nuclear factor 1A (NF-1A), a direct target of miR-223, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), which is critical for osteoclastogenesis, were measured by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Osteoclasts were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.



Results

MiR-223 expression was significantly higher in the synovium of RA patients and in the ankle joints of mice with CIA as compared to OA patients and normal mice. LVmiR-223T treatment reduced the arthritis score, histologic score, miR-223 expression, osteoclastogenesis, and bone erosion in mice with CIA. Down-regulation of miR-223 with concomitant increases in NF-1A levels and decreases in M-CSFR levels was detected in the synovium of LVmiR-223T–treated mice.



Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate that lentivirus-mediated silencing of miR-223 can reduce disease severity of experimental arthritis. Furthermore, our results indicate that inhibition of miR-223 activity should be further explored as a therapeutic strategy in RA.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.34550

Brief report: amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by lentivirus-mediated silencing of microRNA-223

https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(11)00065-3/pdf

I-Ming Jou

Papers

Tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease.

Ultrasonography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy.

Brief report: amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by lentivirus-mediated silencing of microRNA-223

T helper cells promote disease progression of osteoarthritis by inducing macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ