There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

https://www.uta.edu/rfmems/GI_Sensor/papers/ac040049d.pdf

Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

Today cross-cutting approaches, where molecular engineering and clever processing are synergistically coupled, allow the chemist to tailor complex hybrid systems of various shapes with perfect mastery at different size scales, composition, functionality, and morphology. Hybrid materials with organic–inorganic or bio–inorganic character represent not only a new field of basic research but also, via their remarkable new properties and multifunctional nature, hybrids offer prospects for many new applications in extremely diverse fields. The description and discussion of the major applications of hybrid inorganic–organic (or biologic) materials are the major topic of this critical review. Indeed, today the very large set of accessible hybrid materials span a wide spectrum of properties which yield the emergence of innovative industrial applications in various domains such as optics, micro-electronics, transportation, health, energy, housing, and the environment among others (526 references).

Applications of advanced hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials: from laboratory to market

An increase in world population along with a significant aging portion is forcing rapid rises in healthcare costs. The healthcare system is going through a transformation in which continuous monitoring of inhabitants is possible even without hospitalization. The advancement of sensing technologies, embedded systems, wireless communication technologies, nano technologies, and miniaturization makes it possible to develop smart systems to monitor activities of human beings continuously. Wearable sensors detect abnormal and/or unforeseen situations by monitoring physiological parameters along with other symptoms. Therefore, necessary help can be provided in times of dire need. This paper reviews the latest reported systems on activity monitoring of humans based on wearable sensors and issues to be addressed to tackle the challenges.

Wearable Sensors for Human Activity Monitoring: A Review

Here, the fabrication and characterization of a novel optical fiber humidity sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
(SPR) in the infra-red region is presented. Firstly, an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating is deposited onto a 200 μm core
diameter optical fiber causing the shift of the SPR wavelength to the infra-red region. Then, the LbL method is used to
deposit a polymeric coating onto the ITO layer. The variations in the external humidity originated changes in the
thickness and refractive index of the polymeric coating and hence in the resonance.

Optical fiber humidity sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in the infra-red region

In the last decades, optical fiber sensors have played an important role in niche applications because of their advantages over electronic sensors. First of all, optical fiber makes possible the multiplexing of a large amount of sensor data over long distances. This feature allows placing the sensing devices at kilometers from the electronic systems used to process the information. In addition, optical fiber is made of dielectric materials. Consequently, optical fiber sensors are not affected by electromagnetic fields, what makes them suitable to be used in situations under high electromagnetic fields or radiation doses [1]. Furthermore, this technology can be also used in medical applications due to its biocompatibility and has acquired a great importance in the development of biomedical instrumentation. Other interesting advantages of optical fiber sensors are their small size or their wide temperature working range [2-5].

Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Lossy Mode Resonances

The fabrication and characterization of an optical fiber refractometer based on Lossy Mode Resonances (LMR) is presented. TiO2/ poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) coatings deposited on side-polished D-shaped optical fibers are used as LMR supporting coatings. LMRs are sensitive to the external medium refractive index and D-shaped optical fibers enable the observation of TE and TM LMR polarizations. These refractometers based on TE and TM LMR showed an average sensitivity of 2737 nm/RIU and 2893 nm/RIU respectively for a surrounding medium refractive index (SMRI) range from 1.35 to 1.41.

D-shape optical fiber refractometer based on TM and TE lossy mode resonances

This work was supported by FEDER and Spanish ClCyT TIC2003-00909 and Gobierno de Navarra Research Grants.

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/optical-engineering/volume-45/issue-5/050503/Nanofilms-on-a-hollow-core-fiber/10.1117/1.2196043.pdf

Nanofilms on a hollow core fiber

A single mode-multimode-single mode structure (SMS) has been used for developing a magnetic field sensor without using magnetic fluids. The SMS optical fiber was coated with a magneto-optical material by means of sputtering. The sputtering process was monitored in order to achieve the optimum thickness of the coating and the best sensitivity. Sensitivities of 1.45 dB/T and 6 nm/T have been achieved. Repeatability in the fabrication and in the behaviour of the device has been checked.

Ignacio R. Matias

Papers

Optical fiber humidity sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in the infra-red region

Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Lossy Mode Resonances

D-shape optical fiber refractometer based on TM and TE lossy mode resonances

Nanofilms on a hollow core fiber

Magnetic field sensor based on a single mode-multimode-single mode optical fiber structure