There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

/pdf/self-assembled-monolayers-of-thiolates-on-metals-as-a-form-1neb0hj3k4.pdf

Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology.

Li-ion battery materials: present and future

Responsive polymer materials can adapt to surrounding environments, regulate transport of ions and molecules, change wettability and adhesion of different species on external stimuli, or convert chemical and biochemical signals into optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical signals, and vice versa. These materials are playing an increasingly important part in a diverse range of applications, such as drug delivery, diagnostics, tissue engineering and 'smart' optical systems, as well as biosensors, microelectromechanical systems, coatings and textiles. We review recent advances and challenges in the developments towards applications of stimuli-responsive polymeric materials that are self-assembled from nanostructured building blocks. We also provide a critical outline of emerging developments.

Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive polymer materials

Mullite–nickel nanocomposite fibers with Ni nanoparticles of controllable size, dispersion, and consequent magnetic properties were fabricated using sol–gel/electrospinning method, followed by thermal reduction. The fibers were electrospun from an aqueous solution containing sol–gel mullite precursor and nickel nitrate. These fibers were then heat treated in the reducing atmosphere between 550°C and 750°C to achieve fine-dis persed metallic Ni nanoparticles (NPs). After the Ni2+ was reduced to Ni NPs at 750°C for 10 h, the fibers were then directly transformed to the mullite fibers at 1000°C without the undesirable intermediate spinel phase. In many high-temperature applications, mullite is the desired phase than spinel. If not fully reduced, the Ni2+ cations induce early precipitation of spinel phase before mullite can be formed. This spinel phase was a solid solution between Al2NiO4 and Al-Si spinels, which later reacted with the residual silica and formed a mixture of mullite and spinel at 1400°C. The formation of spinel phase was suppressed or fully eliminated with chemically reducing Ni2+ to metal NPs. The average size of nickel NPs within the fibers was ~20 nm, insensitive of the Ni concentration and reducing temperature. However, the Ni NPs on the fiber surface grew as large as ~80 nm due to fast surface diffusion. The magnetic nanocomposites exhibited ferromagnetism with saturation magnetization (Ms) close to pure nickel of the same nominal weight, but coercivity (Hc) much smaller than the bulk nickel, indicating the nature of bimodal magnetic nanoparticle distributions. The majority of small Ni NPs (~20 nm) within the fibers exhibited superparamagnetism, while the minor portion of relatively large NPs (50–80 nm) showed ferromagnetism.

Mullite-Nickel Magnetic Nanocomposite Fibers Obtained from Electrospinning Followed by Thermal Reduction

Interaction forces between a glass surface and two types of ceria-coated polymethyl methacrylate PMMA-based terpolymerabrasive particles were investigated using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy and correlated with relevant chemical me-chanical planarization CMP and post-CMP parameters. The composite particles were achieved by either creating chemical bondsby silane coupling agents compositeA or tuning the pH in order to form electrostatic attractive interactions between the core andshell composite composite B. Based on the average values of the pull-off force vs pH, a qualitative agreement between themeasured adhesion forces and the material removal rate MRR was found. For pH 3, both the MRR and adhesion forces are largerfor composite B with respect to composite A. Interestingly, for pH 10, composite B and ceria give almost the same MRR andsimilar adhesion force values. Nevertheless, in general, the adhesion forces measured at pH 10 are signiﬁcantly smaller than thosemonitored at pH 3, whereas the MRR is signiﬁcantly larger for pH 10. This suggests that factors other than adhesion, such as anenhanced silica dissolution rate, dominate and deﬁne the MRR at pH 10. The increase in repulsive force with increasing pHcorresponds to a decrease in composite-glass adhesion. For pH between 2 and 7, the electrostatic attractive forces betweenpolymer particles and the silica surface are responsible for high particle counts. To improve the particle removal efﬁciency afterCMP with the ceria-based slurry, pH values higher than 7 are recommended.© 2008 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.2834456 All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted November 19, 2007; revised manuscript received December 20, 2007.Available electronically January 31, 2008.

Interaction Forces Between a Glass Surface and Ceria-Modified PMMA-Based Abrasives for CMP Measured by Colloidal Probe AFM

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.0031708jss/pdf

Capacitance Stability in Polymer Tantalum Capacitors with PEDOT Counter Electrodes

Ultrahydrophobic Textiles : Lotus Approach

The nanocomposite film based on zinc oxide nanostructures and reduced graphene oxide bilayer (ZnO/rGO) was synthesized, characterized and tested for the photodegradation of model organic dye (methyl orange) in water. Specifically, the nanorods of zinc oxide were obtained by the hydrothermal methods on the surface of rGO bilayers deposited on the quartz surface. The kinetics of dye photodegradation was studied via measurement of variation of the optical density at the maximum observed for the dye at 465 nm. The photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) was found to be increased from 70 to 85% when the nanocomposite material was used instead of pure ZnO nanostructures. The reaction rate constants calculated using the first-order approximation were equal to 7.2 × 10−3 min−1, 1 × 10−3 min−1 and 1.4 × 10−2 min−1 for ZnO nanorods, rGO bilayer, and ZnO/rGO nanocomposite, respectively. Hence, the rate constants clearly indicate that ZnO and rGO are functioning in a synergistic manner in the fabricated nanocomposite photocatalyst. It is necessary to point that the sample keeps its integrity after multiple experiments that is important for practical applications. The obtained results evidently demonstrate potential of the nanocomposite films based on ZnO nanostructures and rGO bilayers for production of the efficient catalysts.

Igor Luzinov

Papers

Mullite-Nickel Magnetic Nanocomposite Fibers Obtained from Electrospinning Followed by Thermal Reduction

Interaction Forces Between a Glass Surface and Ceria-Modified PMMA-Based Abrasives for CMP Measured by Colloidal Probe AFM

Capacitance Stability in Polymer Tantalum Capacitors with PEDOT Counter Electrodes

Ultrahydrophobic Textiles : Lotus Approach

Zinc oxide: reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite film for heterogeneous photocatalysis