Ageing and Life‐course

Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWB) 1982; 1983

textSpirituality is an important theme in health research, since a spiritual orientation can help people to cope with the consequences of a serious disease. Knowledge on the role of spirituality is, however, limited, as most research is based on measures of religiosity rather than spirituality. A questionnaire that transcends specific beliefs is a prerequisite for quantifying the importance of spirituality among people who adhere to a religion or none at all. In this review, we discuss ten questionnaires that address spirituality as a universal human experience. Questionnaires are evaluated with regard to psychometric properties, item formulation and confusion with well-being and distress. Although none of the questionnaires fulfilled all the criteria, the multidimensional Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire is promising.

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Measuring Spirituality as a Universal Human Experience: A Review of Spirituality Questionnaires

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) was created in 1982 as a subjective measure of quality of life. It has been used in approximately 300 studies, 200 theses and dissertations, and 35 professional presentations. It has contributed to research in psychology and healthcare globally, and has been translated into over 10 languages—a summary of which is presented in this chapter. Development of the SWBS was based on the observation that people make meaning out of the ambiguity of life by defining goals or values toward which to strive—whether physical, personal, secular, or religious. Because not all things for which people strive are identifiably religious, the word “spiritual” came into use to refer to strivings-in-general. “Spirituality” referred to the achievement of a state of being, or the motivation to be, “spiritual.” SWB is related to, but does not equal, spiritual or spirituality. Because SWB is typically described in two ways, the SWBS has two subscales that yield outcome measures of perceived well-being in two senses: (1) The religious well-being (RWB) subscale reflects SWB in traditionally religious language, because many people explain what SWB means to them in such terms; (2) The existential well-being (EWB) subscale reflects SWB in a-religious, existential language because many people describe their SWB in such terms. RWB and EWB subscale scores can be combined into total SWB, if a combined score is meaningful for the population studied. The present chapter summarizes SWBS research and translations, critiques the SWBS and some of its uses, and suggests future uses and improvements.

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS): Cross-Cultural Assessment Across 5 Continents, 10 Languages, and 300 Studies

This book offers a rare blend of academic studies and clinical experience. As depression in the elderly is undertreated and certainly underdetected, this publication becomes an essential resource to lessen the detrimental impact of depression on the outcome of care for physical and psychiatric

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Integrated Management of Depression in the Elderly

Objective : To determine the relationship of spiritual well-being with depression levels of the elderly in Sasana Tresna Werdha Ciracas. Methods:  The study design was analytic correlation with cross-sectional approach. Samples consisted of 68 elders with systematic random sampling. Spiritual well-being was assessed by Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and depression levels of the elderly was assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15). Results : There is a significant relationship between spiritual well-being and depression levels of the elderly with p value (0,000) (r = -0.642). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the spiritual welfare and the level of depression in the elderly in Sasana Tresna Werdha Ciracas. The higher the spiritual welfare, the lower level of depression in the elderly Keywords : Depression, Elderly, Spiritual Well-Being

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Spiritual Well-Being As a Factor That Affecting The Depression In The Elderly

Objective: This study aimed to explain the nursing care of the elderly with impaired physical mobility through joint exercise intervention, such as performing the Muslim prayer movement or Salat. Methods: The quasi-experimental study examined the effect of Muslim prayer movement on elderly with impaired physical mobility. Muslim prayer movements were performed for 5 weeks, once a day, and the materials used were an MP3 player, a stopwatch, and a goniometer. Results: Evaluation using Berg Balance Test showed an increase in the score from 32 to 47. Conclusion: This intervention can be performed by the elderly five times a day to maintain joint mobility and balance. The nurses need to provide motivation to the elderly to pray five times a day to maintain their joint function. Keywords: Elderly, Impaired, Physical Mobility, Prayer

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Papers

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS): Cross-Cultural Assessment Across 5 Continents, 10 Languages, and 300 Studies

Spiritual Well-Being As a Factor That Affecting The Depression In The Elderly

Exercise Therapy Joint Mobility (Muslim Prayer Movement/Salat) as a Nursing Intervention for Impaired Physical Mobility in Elderly