The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media: analogies with other physical problems

Fluoride removal from water by adsorption—A review

Antibiotics, disinfectants and bacteria resistant to them have been detected in environmental compartments such as waste water, surface water, ground water, sediments and soils. Antibiotics are released into the environment after their use in medicine, veterinary medicine and their employment as growth promoters in animal husbandry, fish farming and other fields. There is increasing concern about the growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, and their ecotoxic effects. Increasingly, antibiotic resistance is seen as an ecological problem. This includes both the ecology of resistance genes and that of the resistant bacteria themselves. Little is known about the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and disinfectants on environmental bacteria, especially with respect to resistance. According to the present state of our knowledge, the impact on the frequency of resistance transfer by antibacterials present in the environment is questionable. The input of resistant bacteria into the environment seems to be an important source of resistance in the environment. The possible impact of resistant bacteria on the environment is not yet known. Further research into these issues is warranted.

Resistance in the Environment

http://edge.rit.edu/content/P13418/public/Reference%20Documents/Fluoride%20Removal/Review%20of%20fluoride%20removal%20from%20drinking%20water.pdf

Review of fluoride removal from drinking water.

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Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal And Reuse

In this study, an attempt has been made to explore the influence of four inflow boundary conditions on solute plume migration and compared their concentrations. A numerical model was used to simulate the solute transport for different boundary conditions at the injection well with three different recharge and six hydraulic conductivity scenarios. Dirichlet concentration boundary, constant point source, and two Robin boundary conditions were applied to exemplify their effects on the outcomes. Significant variations were visible in the solute concentration profiles and their respective spreading patterns. Results show discrepancies between solutions obtained from the first-type and the third-type inflow boundary conditions for smaller Peclet numbers. The applicability of the M5′ model tree, a tree-based machine learning approach, was investigated and thereby exploited its capability to interpret the plausible functional dependency among the input parameters. The model tree also produced a dominancy structure within the parameter space with its combined classification and regression features. It was concluded that adopting a general boundary condition or generalization of solutions remained highly challenging, given the different input space parameters dictating a hydrogeological model.

Indumathi M. Nambi

Papers

Sensitivity analysis of inflow boundary conditions on solute transport modeling using M5′ model trees

Three chambered fuel cell for desalination coupled urea oxidation and hexavalent chromium remediation

Evaluating heavy metal levels and their toxicity risks in an urban lake in Chennai, India