Iwona Kozyra

TL;DR: The simultaneous detection of infectious adenovirus and of adenOVirus and NoV by (RT)PCR suggests that the presence of infectious viruses in recreational waters may constitute a public health risk upon exposure.

TL;DR: Insight is given into viral sources and transmission routes and the necessity for thorough compliance with good agricultural and hygienic practice at the farms is emphasized to help protect the public from viral infections.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the existence of viral contamination routes from human and animal sources to the salad vegetable supply chain and more specifically indicate the potential for public health risks due to the virus contamination of leafy green vegetables at primary production.

TL;DR: Attention to full compliance for hand hygiene will improve fresh produce safety related to virus risks most as compared to the other examined sources, given the monitoring results.

TL;DR: Oocyst-contaminated foods originated from districts with the highest numbers of homesteads possessing cattle herds and no contaminated produce was detected from districts containing lower numbers of cattle-owning homesteadS, strengthening the assumption that the origin of the contamination was livestock.