Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains and precisely regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper deals with a comprehensive review of improved power quality converters (IPQCs) configurations, control approaches, design features, selection of components, other related considerations, and their suitability and selection for specific applications. It is targeted to provide a wide spectrum on the status of IPQC technology to researchers, designers and application engineers working on switched-mode AC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 450 research publications on the state of art of IPQC is also given for a quick reference.

/pdf/a-review-of-single-phase-improved-power-quality-ac-dc-2pm6h4zjxq.pdf

A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters

A system and method for variable power transfer in an inductive charging or power system. In accordance with an embodiment the system comprises a pad or similar base unit that contains a primary, which creates an alternating magnetic field. A receiver comprises a means for receiving the energy from the alternating magnetic field from the pad and transferring it to a mobile device, battery, or other device. In accordance with various embodiments, additional features can be incorporated into the system to provide greater power transfer efficiency, and to allow the system to be easily modified for applications that have different power requirements. These include variations in the material used to manufacture the primary and/or the receiver coils; modified circuit designs to be used on the primary and/or receiver side; and additional circuits and components that perform specialized tasks, such as mobile device or battery identification, and automatic voltage or power-setting for different devices or batteries.

System and method for inductive charging of portable devices

DC–DC converters with voltage boost capability are widely used in a large number of power conversion applications, from fraction-of-volt to tens of thousands of volts at power levels from milliwatts to megawatts. The literature has reported on various voltage-boosting techniques, in which fundamental energy storing elements (inductors and capacitors) and/or transformers in conjunction with switch(es) and diode(s) are utilized in the circuit. These techniques include switched capacitor (charge pump), voltage multiplier, switched inductor/voltage lift, magnetic coupling, and multistage/-level, and each has its own merits and demerits depending on application, in terms of cost, complexity, power density, reliability, and efficiency. To meet the growing demand for such applications, new power converter topologies that use the above voltage-boosting techniques, as well as some active and passive components, are continuously being proposed. The permutations and combinations of the various voltage-boosting techniques with additional components in a circuit allow for numerous new topologies and configurations, which are often confusing and difficult to follow. Therefore, to present a clear picture on the general law and framework of the development of next-generation step-up dc–dc converters, this paper aims to comprehensively review and classify various step-up dc–dc converters based on their characteristics and voltage-boosting techniques. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these voltage-boosting techniques and associated converters are discussed in detail. Finally, broad applications of dc–dc converters are presented and summarized with comparative study of different voltage-boosting techniques.

/pdf/step-up-dc-dc-converters-a-comprehensive-review-of-voltage-6dlytctzg2.pdf

Step-Up DC–DC Converters: A Comprehensive Review of Voltage-Boosting Techniques, Topologies, and Applications

In this paper, the principle of modularity is used to derive the different multilevel voltage and current source converter topologies. The paper is primarily focused on high-power applications and specifically on high-voltage dc systems. The derived converter cells are treated as building blocks and are contributing to the modularity of the system. By combining the different building blocks, i.e., the converter cells, a variety of voltage and current source modular multilevel converter topologies are derived and thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, by applying the modularity principle at the system level, various types of high-power converters are introduced. The modularity of the multilevel converters is studied in depth, and the challenges as well as the opportunities for high-power applications are illustrated.

Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Applications: Review on Converter Cells and Functionalities

This paper reviews the state of the art of field- programmable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview of FPGA technology development, followed by a presentation of design methodologies, development tools and relevant CAD environments, including the use of portable hardware description languages and system level programming/design tools. They enable a holistic functional approach with the major advantage of setting up a unique modeling and evaluation environment for complete industrial electronics systems. Three main design rules are then presented. These are algorithm refinement, modularity, and systematic search for the best compromise between the control performance and the architectural constraints. An overview of contributions and limits of FPGAs is also given, followed by a short survey of FPGA-based intelligent controllers for modern industrial systems. Finally, two complete and timely case studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of an FPGA implementation when using the proposed system modeling and design methodology. These consist of the direct torque control for induction motor drives and the control of a diesel-driven synchronous stand-alone generator with the help of fuzzy logic.

/pdf/fpga-design-methodology-for-industrial-control-systems-a-2kzb7fwd0q.pdf

FPGA Design Methodology for Industrial Control Systems—A Review

This paper analyzes the continuous-discontinuous conduction boundary path of a boost power factor preregulator (PFP) fed by universal input. Former publications do not study the possible and undesirable continuous-discontinuous conduction traverse (or vice versa) if the boundary curve is not considered. The results of the critical conduction parameter of a boost converter as a PFP are extended to consider universal input. We find that the continuous conduction range of operation is always assured by designing for the greater RMS input voltage value. Most important, it is shown that the design point of a discontinuous boost PFP fed by universal input is a function of the output voltage/input voltage ratio M. Some design examples and simulations complete the analysis.

The continuous-discontinuous conduction boundary of a boost PFP fed by universal input

The use of interleaving techniques in DC/DC converter allows several important advantages such as smaller filters and a better dynamic response. The massive use of this concept may change the design and the look of these converters. In this paper two 1000 W DC/DC converters with automotive specifications have been developed according to this principle. The main result is that the converters are made with surface mounting devices keeping a very high efficiency

High current DC-DC converter with SMT components

The design and optimization of coils for Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems is an iterative process conducted in Finite Element (FE) tools that takes a lot of time and computational resources. In order to overcome such limitations in the design process, new empirical equations for the evaluation of the self-inductance and mutual inductance values are proposed in this work. By means of a multi-objective genetic programming algorithm, the self-inductance, the mutual inductance and the coupling factor values obtained from FE simulations of IPT link are accounted by analytical equations, based on the geometric parameters defining the IPT link. The behavioral modeling results are compared with both FE-based and experimental results, showing a good accuracy.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09663390.pdf

Self and Mutual Inductance Behavioral Modeling of Square-Shaped IPT Coils With Air Gap and Ferrite Core Plates

The boost topology with ripple cancellation network allows input and output current ripple attenuation, which means the suppression of the input filter and a high reduction of the output filter. However, to achieve the ripple cancellation, the complexity and the number of components of the converter increase compared with the conventional boost. A detailed analysis has been developed to specify the advantages and drawbacks of this topology. This paper presents the averaged model that derives the complex transfer function of the topology. The theoretical transfer function has been obtained. Due to the complexity of the seventh order transfer function obtained, a simplified second order transfer function has been calculated in order to simplify control design calculations. A comparison between the analyzed topology and a conventional boost in terms of weight and losses has been carried out. To estimate input and output current ripple calculation, it is proposed the use of the ripple theorem, which allows an estimation of the efficiency of the cancellation network using the averaged model. A prototype to validate ripple cancellation and the dynamic analysis has been developed. Measured waveforms and bode plots are enclosed. Current ripple cancellation at the input and at the output on both conduction modes of the converter has been validated.

/pdf/dynamic-analysis-of-a-boost-topology-with-ripple-3j6bj50cw4.pdf

Dynamic Analysis of a Boost Topology with Ripple Cancellation and Comparison with the Conventional Boost

The 48 V DC distribution is considered as a standard in the telecom world while datacom equipment is usually fed from AC mains. This fact has led Alcatel to propose a new power architecture for datacom-telecom applications where the system performance is improved, taking into account the existence of both types of loads. The new system is based on a high voltage rectified AC distribution. This new system should be compatible with the traditional telecom 48 V plants to take advantage of the existing installations. In this paper, a high efficiency converter designed to work with both distributions (rectified AC and 48 V) is proposed. This converter allows a smooth transition to implant the new system providing compatibility between both. The selection process, design and experimental results are included in the paper.

J.A. Cobos

Papers

The continuous-discontinuous conduction boundary of a boost PFP fed by universal input

High current DC-DC converter with SMT components

Self and Mutual Inductance Behavioral Modeling of Square-Shaped IPT Coils With Air Gap and Ferrite Core Plates

Dynamic Analysis of a Boost Topology with Ripple Cancellation and Comparison with the Conventional Boost

Converter for telecom and datacom compatibility