자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Extending beyond the boundaries of science, art, and culture, content-based multimedia information retrieval provides new paradigms and methods for searching through the myriad variety of media all over the world. This survey reviews 100p recent articles on content-based multimedia information retrieval and discusses their role in current research directions which include browsing and search paradigms, user studies, affective computing, learning, semantic queries, new features and media types, high performance indexing, and evaluation techniques. Based on the current state of the art, we discuss the major challenges for the future.

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Content-based multimedia information retrieval: State of the art and challenges

Abbreviated Contents Figures and Tables Preface Introduction and Examples Concepts Relevant to Information Behavior Models, Paradigms, and Theories in the Study of Information Behavior Methods for Studying Information Behavior Research Results and Reflections Appendix: Glossary Appendix: Questions for Discussion and Application References Index

Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading invisible colleges diffusion of knowledge in scientific communities is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.

Invisible colleges : diffusion of knowledge in scientific communities

A theory of expectations is used to explain how music evokes various emotions for readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as music. The psychological theory of expectation that David Huron proposes in "Sweet Anticipation" grew out of experimental efforts to understand how music evokes emotions. These efforts evolved into a general theory of expectation that will prove informative to readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as those interested in music. The book describes a set of psychological mechanisms and illustrates how these mechanisms work in the case of music. All examples of notated music can be heard on the Web. Huron proposes that emotions evoked by expectation involve five functionally distinct response systems: reactive responses (which engage defensive reflexes); tension responses (where uncertainty leads to stress); predictive responses (which reward accurate prediction); imaginative responses (which facilitate deferred gratification); and appraisal responses (which occur after conscious thought is engaged). For real-world events, these five response systems typically produce a complex mixture of feelings. The book identifies some of the aesthetic possibilities afforded by expectation, and shows how common musical devices (such as syncopation, cadence, meter, tonality, and climax) exploit the psychological opportunities. The theory also provides new insights into the physiological psychology of awe, laughter, and "spine-tingling chills." Huron traces the psychology of expectations from the patterns of the physical/cultural world through imperfectly learned heuristics used to predict that world to the phenomenal qualia experienced by those who apprehend the world.

Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation

This paper presents analyses of peer-reviewed papers and posters published in the past nine years of ISMIR proceedings: examining publication and authorship practices, topics and titles of research, as well as the citation patterns among the ISMIR proceedings. The main objective is to provide an overview of the progress made over the past nine years in the ISMIR community and to obtain some insights into where the community should be heading in the coming years. Overall, the ISMIR community has grown considerably over the past nine years, both in the number of papers and posters published each year, as well as the number of authors contributing. Furthermore, the amount of collaboration among authors, as reflected in co-authorship, has increased. Main areas of research are revealed by an analysis of most commonly used title terms. Also, major authors and research groups are identified by analyzing the co-authorship and citation patterns in ISMIR proceedings.

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An analysis of ismir proceedings: Patterns of authorship, topic, and citation

Many solutions for the reuse and re-purposing of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) methods, and the tools implementing those methods, have been introduced over recent years. Proposals for achieving interoperability between systems have ranged from shared software libraries and interfaces, through common frameworks and portals, to standardised file formats and metadata. Here we assess these solutions for their suitability to be reused and combined as repurposable components within assemblies (or workflows) that can be used in novel and possibly more ambitious ways. Reuse and repeatability also have great implications for the process of MIR research: the encapsulation of any algorithm and its operation--including inputs, parameters, and outputs--is fundamental to the repeatability and reproducibility of an experiment. This is desirable both for the open and reliable evaluation of algorithms and for the advancement of MIR by building more effectively upon prior research. At present there is no clear best practice widely adopted by the field. Based upon our analysis of contemporary systems and their adoption we reflect as to whether this should be considered a failure. Are there limits to interoperability unique to MIR, and how might they be overcome? Beyond workflows how much research context can, and should, be captured? We frame our assessment within the emerging notion of Research Objects for reproducible research in other domains, and describe how their adoption could serve as a route to reuse in MIR.

Capturing the workflows of music information retrieval for repeatability and reuse

Despite the recasting of the web's technical capabilities through Web 2.0, conventional digital library software architectures---from which many of our leading Music Digital Libraries (MDLs) are formed---result in digital resources that are, surprisingly, disconnected from other online sources of information, and embody a "read-only" mindset. Leveraging from Music Information Retrieval (MIR) techniques and Linked Open Data (LOD), in this paper we demonstrate a new form of music digital library that encompasses management, discovery, delivery, and analysis of the musical content it contains. Utilizing open source tools such as Greenstone, audioDB, Meandre, and Apache Jena we present a series of transformations to a musical digital library sourced from audio files that steadily increases the level of support provided to the user for musicological study. While the seed for this work was motivated by better supporting musicologists in a digital library, the developed software architecture alters the boundaries to what is conventionally thought of as a digital library---and in doing so challenges core assumptions made in mainstream digital library software design.

A Musical Progression with Greenstone: How Music Content Analysis and Linked Data is Helping Redefine the Boundaries to a Music Digital Library

Music audio structure segmentation has been a task in the Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) since 2009. In 2010, five algorithms were evaluated against two datasets (297 and 100 songs) with an almost exclusive focus on western popular music. A new annotated dataset significantly larger in size and with a more diverse range of musical styles became available in 2011. This new dataset comprises over 1,300 songs spanning pop, jazz, classical, and world music styles. The algorithms from the 2010 iteration of MIREX are re-evaluated against this new dataset. This paper presents a detailed analysis of these evaluation results in order to gain a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art in automatic structure segmentation. These expanded analyses focus on the interaction of algorithm performance and rankings with datasets, musical styles, and annotation level. Because the new dataset contains multiple annotations for each song, we also introduce a baseline for expected human performance for this task.

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J. Stephen Downie

Papers

An analysis of ismir proceedings: Patterns of authorship, topic, and citation

Capturing the workflows of music information retrieval for repeatability and reuse

A Musical Progression with Greenstone: How Music Content Analysis and Linked Data is Helping Redefine the Boundaries to a Music Digital Library

Music structure segmentation algorithm evaluation: expanding on mirex 2010 analyses and datasets

Evalutron 6000: collecting music relevance judgments