Jacob E. Anderson

TL;DR: The NIH-TB Cognition Battery is intended to serve as a brief, convenient set of measures to supplement other outcome measures in epidemiologic and longitudinal research and clinical trials and will provide a “common currency” among researchers for comparisons across a wide range of studies and populations.

TL;DR: Two measures designed to assess executive function (EF) as part of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) are discussed and evidence of increasing differentiation of EF from other aspects of cognition was obtained.

TL;DR: Psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) executive function measures in an adult sample reveal excellent sensitivity to age-related changes during adulthood, excellent test–retest reliability, and adequate to good convergent and discriminant validity.

TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual and analytic framework is presented which allows for the disentanglement of knowledge and control, and for quantification of each of them, and evidence from studies of multiple-cue probability learning, clinical judgment, and interpersonal conflict supports the theoretical usefulness of this framework and indicates that poor performance in cognitive tasks can often be attributed to incomplete cognitive control.

TL;DR: Results suggest not only that EF can be trained using a brief intervention targeting reflection, but also that training-related improvements in performance are associated with the down-regulation of ACC-mediated conflict detection.