Showing papers by "Jaime Romero published in 2013"

Soybean Meal Induces Intestinal Inflammation in Zebrafish Larvae

Abstract: The necessary replacement of fish meal with other protein source in diets of commercially important fish has prompted the study of the effect of the inclusion of different vegetable proteins sources on growth performance and on the gastro-intestinal tract Currently, soybean meal is the primary protein source as a fish meal replacement because of its low price and high availability Likewise, it is been documented that the ingestion of soybean meal by several fish species, such as salmonids and carp, triggers a type of intestinal inflammation called enteritis In this paper, we analyzed the effects of the ingestion of soybean meal and two of its components, soy protein and soy saponin, on zebrafish to establish the basis for using zebrafish larvae as a model for fish nutrition We took advantage of the existence of different transgenic lines, which allowed us to perform in vivo analysis Our results indicated that larvae that were feed with soybean meal developed a clear intestinal inflammation as early as two day after beginning the diet Moreover, we determined that is not the soy protein present in the diet but the soy saponin that is primarily responsible for triggering the immune response These findings support the use of zebrafish screening assays to identify novel ingredients that would to improved current fish diets or would formulate new ones

Short‐term effects of dietary soybean meal and lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal morphology and microbiota of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the intestinal microbiota in soybean meal enteritis. Three groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed for 35 days with different diets: a control diet (CD) containing 510 g kg �1 fishmeal, diet 1 (D1) containing 378 g kg �1 of soybean meal and diet 2 (D2) containing D1 supplemented with two viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB). As expected, the fish fed with D1 showed clear signs of distal intestinal inflammation during the study compared with the fish fed CD. For the fish fed with D2, the addition of LAB diminished the inflammation at day 28, but did not abolish it. Microbiological analysis demonstrated that specific bacterial groups were not correlated with the development of enteritis, but were correlated with the three diets. Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus lactis sp. cremoris and Aeromonas VIa were correlated with the CD, Aeromonas VIb and Sporosarcina aquimarina were correlated with D1, and Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, L. lactis sp. lactis and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum were correlated with D2. Shewanella was not affected by the diet and was present in all fish intestines. Our study suggests that LAB may modulate intestinal inflammation; however, the role of the microbiota in the aetiology of enteritis in fish still requires further study.

Acetobacter strains isolated during the acetification of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) wine

Abstract: Highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are known to have positive health benefits. The production of blueberry vinegar is one method to preserve this seasonal fruit and allow extended consumption. In this study, blueberry wine acetification was performed with naturally occurring micro-organisms and with an inoculated Acetobacter cerevisiae strain. Acetifications were carried out in triplicate using the Schutzenbach method. The successful spontaneous processes took up to 66% more time than the processes involving inoculation. The isolation of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and the analysis of these AAB using molecular methods allowed the identification of the main genotypes responsible of the blueberry acetification. Although the Acet. cerevisiae strain was the predominant strain isolated from the inoculated process samples, Acetobacter pasteurianus was isolated from samples for both processes and was the only species present in the spontaneous acetification samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the identification and variability of AAB isolated during blueberry acetification. The isolated Acet. pasteurianus strains could be used for large-scale blueberry vinegar production or as a starter culture in studies of other vinegar production methods.

New strategies for control, prevention and treatment of ISA virus in aquaculture

Abstract: Chile has unquestionable characteristics for exploitation of marine resources. Benefiting from this natural advantage, the Chilean salmon farming industry grew until being positioned as one of the major salmon producer worldwide. However, diseases that strongly affected the salmon production accompanied this growth. One of the most serious risks facing intensive salmon farming is the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) because it produces high mortality and important economic losses. Since no pharmacological treatment has been developed for this disease, prevention strategies are essential to control ISAV. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss current and emerging alternative tools that have been developed for the treatment of ISAV and other virus of importance in aquaculture, considering their improvements, advantages and disadvantages.