James Blanchard

TL;DR: Findings help define R5 SHIVSF162P3N infection of rhesus macaques as a model to study the mechanistic basis, dynamics, and sites of HIV-1 coreceptor switch and are remarkably consistent with those found in macaques infected intravenously.

TL;DR: A new nonhuman primate model of R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-induced encephalitis (SHIVE) with several classical HIVE features that include astrocyte infection is described, showing an association between severe neuropathological changes, robust resident microglia infection, and evolution to CD4 independence of viruses in the central nervous system (CNS).

TL;DR: Importantly, microglial infection was observed, which makes R5 SHIVSF162P3N infection of macaques an attractive animal model not only to study transmission and HIVE pathogenesis but also to conduct preclinical evaluation of therapeutic interventions aimed at eradicating HIV-1 from the central nervous system (CNS).

TL;DR: The present study supports the use of naltrexone in the treatment of SIB in rhesus macaques by assessing the efficacy and frequency of time spent displaying SIB during the treatment phase and the percentage of time remained decreased during the posttreatment phase.

TL;DR: Although both cell-free and cell-associated viruses are infectious, the initial cells amplifying the virus differ, which may have important implications for the subsequent dissemination of infection and/or induction of antiretroviral immunity.